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<p>Sustainable development of coal resources faces significant challenges from coal-and-gas outbursts, which directly impact resource recovery efficiency and mining safety through complex coupling mechanisms. While extensive research has explored these phenomena, quantitative characterization of their dynamic evolution remains critical for optimizing resource extraction strategies. This study developed a novel analytical framework for revealing the dynamic complexity of outburst processes by integrating simultaneous measurements of infrasonic responses and gas pressure evolution during physical simulation experiments under controlled mining conditions. Through systematic measurements, we identified universal order–chaos patterns characterized by distinct dynamical regimes. These patterns were quantified using entropy rate and statistical complexity metrics. The system transitions from an initial quiescent state (0.016 bits complexity) to a critical point at 0.4&#xa0;s, exhibiting an 8.83-fold increase in complexity, followed by sustained entropy generation of 1.85 ± 0.15 bits/symbol. This stability–failure transition demonstrated a characteristic timescale of 1.54 ± 0.09&#xa0;s, during which stress-dependent anti-persistent behavior was evidenced by Hurst exponents decreasing from 0.31 to 0.21 under increased confinement, demonstrating how geological conditions influence resource behavior. The observed evolution proceeds through hierarchical energy cascades, where initial ruptures trigger self-similar failures via stress–gas interactions. Based on these dynamics, we established an infrasonic monitoring framework that determines critical thresholds through entropy rate and statistical complexity metrics. These findings advance both the fundamental understanding of coal deposit behavior and provide quantitative guidelines for sustainable underground resource development.</p>

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Dynamics of Coal-and-Gas Outbursts: Field Coupling Analysis and Evolution from Order to Chaos

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Yang Lei,
  • Zhijie Wen,
  • Liang Wang,
  • Jingyu Jiang,
  • Yujun Zuo

摘要

Sustainable development of coal resources faces significant challenges from coal-and-gas outbursts, which directly impact resource recovery efficiency and mining safety through complex coupling mechanisms. While extensive research has explored these phenomena, quantitative characterization of their dynamic evolution remains critical for optimizing resource extraction strategies. This study developed a novel analytical framework for revealing the dynamic complexity of outburst processes by integrating simultaneous measurements of infrasonic responses and gas pressure evolution during physical simulation experiments under controlled mining conditions. Through systematic measurements, we identified universal order–chaos patterns characterized by distinct dynamical regimes. These patterns were quantified using entropy rate and statistical complexity metrics. The system transitions from an initial quiescent state (0.016 bits complexity) to a critical point at 0.4 s, exhibiting an 8.83-fold increase in complexity, followed by sustained entropy generation of 1.85 ± 0.15 bits/symbol. This stability–failure transition demonstrated a characteristic timescale of 1.54 ± 0.09 s, during which stress-dependent anti-persistent behavior was evidenced by Hurst exponents decreasing from 0.31 to 0.21 under increased confinement, demonstrating how geological conditions influence resource behavior. The observed evolution proceeds through hierarchical energy cascades, where initial ruptures trigger self-similar failures via stress–gas interactions. Based on these dynamics, we established an infrasonic monitoring framework that determines critical thresholds through entropy rate and statistical complexity metrics. These findings advance both the fundamental understanding of coal deposit behavior and provide quantitative guidelines for sustainable underground resource development.