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<p>Reactive dye discharges from textile industries pose significant environmental risks due to their stability, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized via precipitation and subsequently functionalized with a polyelectrolyte to improve their surface characteristics and adsorption performance. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), BET, XRD, TEM, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The research focused on understanding the factors and mechanisms governing the adsorption activity of polyelectrolyte-modified ZnONPs, prepared using layer-by-layer deposition of poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The nanoparticles were modified using a two-layer polyelectrolyte coating system, consisting of PSS as the first layer and PAH as the second layer. The study involved preparing bare ZnONPs, ZnONPs modified with PSS and PAH and investigating their performance in removing Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye from water. Batch adsorption experiments evaluated the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration. The polyelectrolyte-modified ZnONPs demonstrated remarkable adsorption performance for RG19 dye. The polyelectrolyte-coated ZnONPs (ZnONPs/PSS/PAH) showed outstanding adsorption, removing more than 99% of RG19 dye in one hour. Isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich model, whereas kinetic evaluation showed that it followed a pseudo-second-order model. Anionic ZnONPs/PSS exhibited significantly lower adsorption performance than cationic ZnONPs/PSS/PAH and uncoated ZnONPs. This is attributed to electrostatic repulsion between ZnONPs/PSS and RG19, whereas electrostatic attraction with cationic ZnONPs/PSS/PAH and bare ZnONPs enhances adsorption. The results confirm the good recyclability of surface-modified ZnONPs, highlighting their potential as cost-effective materials for water purification.</p>

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Polyelectrolyte-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles for efficient removal of Reactive Green 19 dye from wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Ahmed F. Halbus,
  • Zahraa H. Athab

摘要

Reactive dye discharges from textile industries pose significant environmental risks due to their stability, toxicity, and resistance to conventional treatment methods. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized via precipitation and subsequently functionalized with a polyelectrolyte to improve their surface characteristics and adsorption performance. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), BET, XRD, TEM, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The research focused on understanding the factors and mechanisms governing the adsorption activity of polyelectrolyte-modified ZnONPs, prepared using layer-by-layer deposition of poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The nanoparticles were modified using a two-layer polyelectrolyte coating system, consisting of PSS as the first layer and PAH as the second layer. The study involved preparing bare ZnONPs, ZnONPs modified with PSS and PAH and investigating their performance in removing Reactive Green 19 (RG19) dye from water. Batch adsorption experiments evaluated the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial dye concentration. The polyelectrolyte-modified ZnONPs demonstrated remarkable adsorption performance for RG19 dye. The polyelectrolyte-coated ZnONPs (ZnONPs/PSS/PAH) showed outstanding adsorption, removing more than 99% of RG19 dye in one hour. Isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich model, whereas kinetic evaluation showed that it followed a pseudo-second-order model. Anionic ZnONPs/PSS exhibited significantly lower adsorption performance than cationic ZnONPs/PSS/PAH and uncoated ZnONPs. This is attributed to electrostatic repulsion between ZnONPs/PSS and RG19, whereas electrostatic attraction with cationic ZnONPs/PSS/PAH and bare ZnONPs enhances adsorption. The results confirm the good recyclability of surface-modified ZnONPs, highlighting their potential as cost-effective materials for water purification.