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<p>A solvent-free, ultrasound-assisted three-component condensation of aryl aldehydes, benzil, and ammonium acetate efficiently yields 1,2,4-triaryl-1H-imidazoles under mild conditions (50&#xa0;°C, 10&#xa0;min). The heterogeneous catalyst CF-NPs@MWCNT@ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Zeolite combines cellulose nanofiber-derived nanoparticles anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotubes with a ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic core supported on zeolite, providing acidic active sites and facile magnetic separation. The method delivers high isolated yields (90–97%) across a broad aryl aldehyde scope, tolerating both electron-rich and electron-poor substituents. Notably, the synthesis is completed in just 10&#xa0;min, highlighting its efficiency. Catalyst reusability is demonstrated for six consecutive cycles with negligible metal leaching. Mechanistically, cooperative activation of carbonyl groups at zeolite and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> sites facilitates condensation with benzil and ammonium acetate; ultrasound enhances mass transfer and accelerates turnover. Benchmarks against conventional solvent-based and non-ultrasound approaches show improved efficiency due to the bio-based, recyclable, and magnetically separable catalyst system. This work presents a practical route to pharmacologically relevant triarylated imidazoles, featuring reduced solvent use and streamlined catalyst recovery.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Catalytic advances in triaryl imidazole synthesis: a novel CF-NPs@MWCNT@ZnFe2O4@Zeolite approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Enas Daoud,
  • Aya Nabeel Yassser,
  • Subbulakshmi Ganesan,
  • Subhashree Ray,
  • Noor Mazin Basheer,
  • Karthikeyan Jayabalan,
  • Atreyi Pramanik,
  • Apurav Gautam

摘要

A solvent-free, ultrasound-assisted three-component condensation of aryl aldehydes, benzil, and ammonium acetate efficiently yields 1,2,4-triaryl-1H-imidazoles under mild conditions (50 °C, 10 min). The heterogeneous catalyst CF-NPs@MWCNT@ZnFe2O4@Zeolite combines cellulose nanofiber-derived nanoparticles anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotubes with a ZnFe2O4 magnetic core supported on zeolite, providing acidic active sites and facile magnetic separation. The method delivers high isolated yields (90–97%) across a broad aryl aldehyde scope, tolerating both electron-rich and electron-poor substituents. Notably, the synthesis is completed in just 10 min, highlighting its efficiency. Catalyst reusability is demonstrated for six consecutive cycles with negligible metal leaching. Mechanistically, cooperative activation of carbonyl groups at zeolite and ZnFe2O4 sites facilitates condensation with benzil and ammonium acetate; ultrasound enhances mass transfer and accelerates turnover. Benchmarks against conventional solvent-based and non-ultrasound approaches show improved efficiency due to the bio-based, recyclable, and magnetically separable catalyst system. This work presents a practical route to pharmacologically relevant triarylated imidazoles, featuring reduced solvent use and streamlined catalyst recovery.

Graphical abstract