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<p>The two-dimensional MXenes nanosheets, discovered in 2011 by Drexel University, are prominent fillers for developing forward osmosis (FO) membranes. The unique features of MXenes such as high surface area, tunable layer spacing, hydrophilicity, and excellent chemical and thermal stability enhance membrane performance in FO applications. Key challenges in FO based desalination are efficient draw solution (DS) recovery and the lack of membranes that effectively balance water flux and reverse salt flux (RSF). Therefore, the present study demonstrates the synthesis of Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanosheets derived from the precursor Ti₃AlC₂ and their application as nanofillers in thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. This study uniquely evaluates the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>Tₓ TFN membrane for real seawater desalination using a thermoresponsive DS, specifically addressing challenges related to DS recovery and RSF. The FO performance was evaluated in terms of flux and conductivity change (feed seawater), and an efficient DS recovery process was demonstrated. Adding Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanosheets improved the cross-linking degree of the polyamide layer and enhanced the FO flux compared to the nascent TFC membrane. The M-0.05 membrane maintained a consistent flux of approximately 9–9.4 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h while achieving over 99% salt rejection during real seawater desalination. The analysis of the final product water revealed an efficient seawater desalination process to generate the quality water at the end.</p>

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Evaluation of the seawater desalination performance of the MXene composite membranes using thermo-responsive polymeric draw solution-driven forward osmosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Rajesha Kumar Alambi,
  • Mansour Ahmed,
  • Garudachari Bhadrachari,
  • Huda Al Jabli,
  • Yaqoub Al-Foudari,
  • Jibu P. Thomas

摘要

The two-dimensional MXenes nanosheets, discovered in 2011 by Drexel University, are prominent fillers for developing forward osmosis (FO) membranes. The unique features of MXenes such as high surface area, tunable layer spacing, hydrophilicity, and excellent chemical and thermal stability enhance membrane performance in FO applications. Key challenges in FO based desalination are efficient draw solution (DS) recovery and the lack of membranes that effectively balance water flux and reverse salt flux (RSF). Therefore, the present study demonstrates the synthesis of Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanosheets derived from the precursor Ti₃AlC₂ and their application as nanofillers in thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. This study uniquely evaluates the Ti3C2Tₓ TFN membrane for real seawater desalination using a thermoresponsive DS, specifically addressing challenges related to DS recovery and RSF. The FO performance was evaluated in terms of flux and conductivity change (feed seawater), and an efficient DS recovery process was demonstrated. Adding Ti₃C₂Tₓ nanosheets improved the cross-linking degree of the polyamide layer and enhanced the FO flux compared to the nascent TFC membrane. The M-0.05 membrane maintained a consistent flux of approximately 9–9.4 L/m2·h while achieving over 99% salt rejection during real seawater desalination. The analysis of the final product water revealed an efficient seawater desalination process to generate the quality water at the end.