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<p>The emergence of antifungal resistance emphasizes the need for alternative therapies such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT). This study evaluates the APDT efficacy of silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag–TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) against <i>Candida albicans</i> under blue-, green-, and red-light irradiation. Ag–TiO₂ NPs were synthesized via the sol–gel method and structurally and optically characterized. Among the tested conditions, blue-light irradiation of TiO₂:Ag2 at 31.75&#xa0;µg/ml, a concentration within the low range compared to previously reported studies, achieved the highest APDT total efficacy that was of 60%. The overall inhibition efficacy gradually decreased as the doping concentration increased. Additionally, in this study, cellular inactivation was observed for the first time using red-light-mediated APDT against <i>C. albicans</i> with doped TiO₂. Based on these findings, we conclude that Ag-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with low doping concentrations can be effective under visible light conditions, showing potential clinical relevance.</p>

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Photoexcitation of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with visible light for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月5日

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  • Ricardo Lozano-Rosas,
  • José J. Ruíz-Osorio,
  • Rubén Ramos-García,
  • Rutilo Silva-González,
  • Teresita Spezzia-Mazzocco,
  • María Josefina Robles-Águila

摘要

The emergence of antifungal resistance emphasizes the need for alternative therapies such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT). This study evaluates the APDT efficacy of silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag–TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) against Candida albicans under blue-, green-, and red-light irradiation. Ag–TiO₂ NPs were synthesized via the sol–gel method and structurally and optically characterized. Among the tested conditions, blue-light irradiation of TiO₂:Ag2 at 31.75 µg/ml, a concentration within the low range compared to previously reported studies, achieved the highest APDT total efficacy that was of 60%. The overall inhibition efficacy gradually decreased as the doping concentration increased. Additionally, in this study, cellular inactivation was observed for the first time using red-light-mediated APDT against C. albicans with doped TiO₂. Based on these findings, we conclude that Ag-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles with low doping concentrations can be effective under visible light conditions, showing potential clinical relevance.