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<p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an extremely contagious pathogen that poses a serious threat to the swine industry, especially in newborn piglets with high mortality rates. The CO-26&#xa0;K-equivalent (COE), containing amino acids 499–638, is one of the most important neutralizing regions on the Spike protein of PEDV. Recombinant COE protein is a promising candidate for developing subunit vaccines against PEDV due to its immunogenic properties. Silica nanoparticles have been considered a potential nanomaterial for developing nano-vaccines. In this study, we mixed the plant-based COE protein derived from a highly virulent Vietnamese PEDV genogroup 2a strain with silica nanoparticles functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer and carboxyl groups (denoted as FSi) at different ratios to generate the COE-FSi complexes. The best COE-FSi complex was identified through SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The COE-FSi complex (1:8.5, w/w) was selected and characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The immunogenicity of a COE-FSi mixture (1:8.5, w/w) was evaluated in mice, compared to free COE protein. After the second immunization, ELISA and neutralizing antibody assays indicated that the COE-FSi mixture induced significantly stronger humoral immune responses, evidenced by COE-specific IgG antibodies, COE-specific IgA antibodies, and notably higher neutralizing antibodies against PEDV strain belonging to genogroup 2b, compared to free plant-based COE protein. In addition, a stronger interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response (4.3-fold higher as shown in ELISA) was observed in the sera of mice vaccinated with the COE-FSi mixture. Therefore, our results provide further evidence of the potential effect of silica nanoparticles in modulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to antigens in animals. These findings emphasize the promise of a plant-derived COE protein combined with silica nanoparticles for developing vaccines against PEDV.</p>

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The effect of silica nanoparticles on the immunogenicity of plant-based recombinant COE protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Thuong Thi Ho,
  • Hoai Thu Tran,
  • Linh Dieu Nguyen,
  • Thi Ha Lien Nghiem,
  • Dai Huu Nguyen,
  • Hien Thu Thi Nguyen,
  • Hang Thu Thi Hoang,
  • Ha Hoang Chu,
  • Ngoc Bich Pham

摘要

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an extremely contagious pathogen that poses a serious threat to the swine industry, especially in newborn piglets with high mortality rates. The CO-26 K-equivalent (COE), containing amino acids 499–638, is one of the most important neutralizing regions on the Spike protein of PEDV. Recombinant COE protein is a promising candidate for developing subunit vaccines against PEDV due to its immunogenic properties. Silica nanoparticles have been considered a potential nanomaterial for developing nano-vaccines. In this study, we mixed the plant-based COE protein derived from a highly virulent Vietnamese PEDV genogroup 2a strain with silica nanoparticles functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer and carboxyl groups (denoted as FSi) at different ratios to generate the COE-FSi complexes. The best COE-FSi complex was identified through SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The COE-FSi complex (1:8.5, w/w) was selected and characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The immunogenicity of a COE-FSi mixture (1:8.5, w/w) was evaluated in mice, compared to free COE protein. After the second immunization, ELISA and neutralizing antibody assays indicated that the COE-FSi mixture induced significantly stronger humoral immune responses, evidenced by COE-specific IgG antibodies, COE-specific IgA antibodies, and notably higher neutralizing antibodies against PEDV strain belonging to genogroup 2b, compared to free plant-based COE protein. In addition, a stronger interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) response (4.3-fold higher as shown in ELISA) was observed in the sera of mice vaccinated with the COE-FSi mixture. Therefore, our results provide further evidence of the potential effect of silica nanoparticles in modulating humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to antigens in animals. These findings emphasize the promise of a plant-derived COE protein combined with silica nanoparticles for developing vaccines against PEDV.