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<p>This paper has three interlocking goals. The first is to demonstrate that overt subjects must always appear at the left periphery of their sentences so that they can be adjacent to a particular functional head in both finite and nonfinite clauses in English. The second is to argue that the functional head to which the subject must be adjacent serves as the clause’s modal anchor, relating the content of the clause to a contentful eventuality. We identify three distinct flavors of the modal anchor, keyed to whether it appears in a finite clause, a <i>for-to</i> clause, or an ECM clause. Finally, the third goal is to argue that the observed adjacency effect reflects a broader pattern of physical–logical synchronization in grammar, whereby key logical dependencies at LF are physically signified in the course of derivation toward PF, implemented by paired physical–logical requirements lexically encoded in the Numeration.</p>

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Synchronizing meaning with sound and beyond: The role of physical markings in thematic, modal, and informational interpretations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月6日

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  • Thomas Grano,
  • Yoshihisa Kitagawa

摘要

This paper has three interlocking goals. The first is to demonstrate that overt subjects must always appear at the left periphery of their sentences so that they can be adjacent to a particular functional head in both finite and nonfinite clauses in English. The second is to argue that the functional head to which the subject must be adjacent serves as the clause’s modal anchor, relating the content of the clause to a contentful eventuality. We identify three distinct flavors of the modal anchor, keyed to whether it appears in a finite clause, a for-to clause, or an ECM clause. Finally, the third goal is to argue that the observed adjacency effect reflects a broader pattern of physical–logical synchronization in grammar, whereby key logical dependencies at LF are physically signified in the course of derivation toward PF, implemented by paired physical–logical requirements lexically encoded in the Numeration.