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<p>Permeable pavements are an essential component of green infrastructure for urban stormwater management, yet their long-term durability in cold climates remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the freeze–thaw durability and service-life prediction of permeable concrete incorporating recycled steel slag aggregate under unclogged and clogged conditions using laboratory testing and two predictive frameworks. The Dynamic Elastic Modulus Decay Model and the Cumulative Damage Model were calibrated using measured relative dynamic elastic modulus data. Experimental results revealed that clogging accelerated deterioration, accelerating deterioration and reducing predicted service life from 7.36–6.78 years (unclogged condition) to 5.44–5.28 years (clogged condition). The cumulative damage model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.982</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$R^{2}=0.982$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) compared to the modulus decay model (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.956</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$R^{2}=0.956$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) By linking laboratory durability data with service life forecasting, this research provides a laboratory-validated framework for the planning, design, and maintenance of resilient sponge city pavements. The findings contribute to climate adaptation strategies for cold-region urban environments and promote the sustainable use of industrial by-products in construction materials.</p>

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Innovative approaches to predicting the service life of permeable concrete in cold climates: a focus on freeze-thaw durability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Ismail Shah,
  • Nauman Khan,
  • Nipapan Kanjana,
  • Muhammad Mudassar Rehman,
  • Aftab Anwar,
  • Ming Fei Zhang,
  • Li Jing

摘要

Permeable pavements are an essential component of green infrastructure for urban stormwater management, yet their long-term durability in cold climates remains a major challenge. This study evaluates the freeze–thaw durability and service-life prediction of permeable concrete incorporating recycled steel slag aggregate under unclogged and clogged conditions using laboratory testing and two predictive frameworks. The Dynamic Elastic Modulus Decay Model and the Cumulative Damage Model were calibrated using measured relative dynamic elastic modulus data. Experimental results revealed that clogging accelerated deterioration, accelerating deterioration and reducing predicted service life from 7.36–6.78 years (unclogged condition) to 5.44–5.28 years (clogged condition). The cumulative damage model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy ( R 2 = 0.982 $R^{2}=0.982$ ) compared to the modulus decay model ( R 2 = 0.956 $R^{2}=0.956$ ) By linking laboratory durability data with service life forecasting, this research provides a laboratory-validated framework for the planning, design, and maintenance of resilient sponge city pavements. The findings contribute to climate adaptation strategies for cold-region urban environments and promote the sustainable use of industrial by-products in construction materials.