<p>This work focuses on the assessment of the viscous dissipation and thermo-diffusion facets on buoyancy-driven heat-propagative unsteady magnetized flow of water based nanofluids (Cu-H<sub>2</sub>O and TiO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O) from a vertical moving penetrable channel with chemical reaction in the incidence of thermal radiation. Due to their excellent heat transfer properties, considered two different nanoparticles Cu and TiO<sub>2</sub> in this prevalent investigation and water as the base liquid. Non-dimensional variables are exploited to convert the structured dimensional partial derivative model for the flow fields into non-dimensional PDEs, which are subsequently solved using the computational scheme of semi-implicit finite difference. The convergence and stability test were performed to confirm the precision of the results. The work involved a detailed study of flow parameters and their ranges, including Eckert number <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>0.1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.4</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0.1 \le Ec \le 0.4$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, Soret number <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="108" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>0.1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.4</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0.1 \le Sr \le 0.4$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, nanoparticle volume fraction <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="115" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>0.01</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>0.04</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0.01 \le \varphi \le 0.04$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, heat source parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="112" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>0.5</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>3.0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$0.5 \le Hs \le 3.0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and radiation parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="104" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>1.0</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>4.0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$1.0 \le N \le 4.0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Relevant results on how the emerging parameters influence the flow fields as well the skin friction, temperature and mass gradients are explained in a tabular and graphical mode. The ultimate results visibly exposed for both nanofluids that the temperature and flow velocity significantly abridged by high Prandtl numbers and radiation, but amplified by viscous heating and heat source development of both fields. Increased thermo-diffusion stimulated to intensify the flow speed and species concentration, but both fields compressed by the chemical reaction. The temperature of both nanofluids boosted by the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid, while the fluid flow velocity decreased. The skin-friction for both nanofluids raised by heat source and viscosity, but it was diminished by the magnetic field and chemical reactions. Heat transfer rate raised-up at plate surface for both nanofluids by heat source, radiation and viscous heating. Remarkably, when dissolving <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>4</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$4\%$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of Cu nanoparticles into the water, heat transfer rate improved to <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>7.1</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$7.1\%$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> but when dispersing the same amount of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles into the water, heat transfer raised-up rate to <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11043_2025_9818_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>8.7</mn> <mi mathvariant="normal">%</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$8.7\% $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Further, the flow fields are superior for TiO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O nanofluid, because of their hydrodynamic interaction properties compared to Cu-H<sub>2</sub>O nanofluid.</p>

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Viscous dissipation and thermo-diffusion effects on time-dependent MHD heat propagative nanofluid flux across vertical movable permeable plate with thermal radiation

  • B. Prabhakar Reddy,
  • Jumanne Mng’ang’a,
  • J. M. Sunzu

摘要

This work focuses on the assessment of the viscous dissipation and thermo-diffusion facets on buoyancy-driven heat-propagative unsteady magnetized flow of water based nanofluids (Cu-H2O and TiO2-H2O) from a vertical moving penetrable channel with chemical reaction in the incidence of thermal radiation. Due to their excellent heat transfer properties, considered two different nanoparticles Cu and TiO2 in this prevalent investigation and water as the base liquid. Non-dimensional variables are exploited to convert the structured dimensional partial derivative model for the flow fields into non-dimensional PDEs, which are subsequently solved using the computational scheme of semi-implicit finite difference. The convergence and stability test were performed to confirm the precision of the results. The work involved a detailed study of flow parameters and their ranges, including Eckert number 0.1 E c 0.4 $0.1 \le Ec \le 0.4$ , Soret number 0.1 S r 0.4 $0.1 \le Sr \le 0.4$ , nanoparticle volume fraction 0.01 φ 0.04 $0.01 \le \varphi \le 0.04$ , heat source parameter 0.5 H s 3.0 $0.5 \le Hs \le 3.0$ , and radiation parameter 1.0 N 4.0 $1.0 \le N \le 4.0$ . Relevant results on how the emerging parameters influence the flow fields as well the skin friction, temperature and mass gradients are explained in a tabular and graphical mode. The ultimate results visibly exposed for both nanofluids that the temperature and flow velocity significantly abridged by high Prandtl numbers and radiation, but amplified by viscous heating and heat source development of both fields. Increased thermo-diffusion stimulated to intensify the flow speed and species concentration, but both fields compressed by the chemical reaction. The temperature of both nanofluids boosted by the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid, while the fluid flow velocity decreased. The skin-friction for both nanofluids raised by heat source and viscosity, but it was diminished by the magnetic field and chemical reactions. Heat transfer rate raised-up at plate surface for both nanofluids by heat source, radiation and viscous heating. Remarkably, when dissolving 4 % $4\%$ of Cu nanoparticles into the water, heat transfer rate improved to 7.1 % $7.1\%$ but when dispersing the same amount of TiO2 nanoparticles into the water, heat transfer raised-up rate to 8.7 % $8.7\% $ . Further, the flow fields are superior for TiO2-H2O nanofluid, because of their hydrodynamic interaction properties compared to Cu-H2O nanofluid.