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<p>The Online Social Media (OSM) platform is a sophisticated web-based network that enables worldwide message sharing/forwarding, analyzing, and polling services with many others. With the expanding availability of internet services, it has become increasingly effortless to share and disseminate web content through OSM. WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are some of the best-known OSM platforms that fit this definition. However, disseminating online content without ensuring the credibility of the source may lead to serious social, economic, or political ramifications, such as the spread of misinformation, deterioration of public confidence, and threats to personal and communal well-being. Motivated by these issues, the suggested study propounded a novel watermarking methodology to identify and authenticate the source of shared audio web content in OSM. A 10-digit contact number, an SSN (Social Security Number), or an Aadhaar (a unique identification number in India), the messenger app's code, and GPS coordinates are used as a watermark. In the embedding stage, the host signal is first ruptured into homogeneous blocks. Whereas each block is directed to Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Slantlet Transform (SLT). To improve the robustness and reliability, two copies of the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) encoded watermark are inserted into the host signal. In contrast to previously existing studies, the propounded methodology demonstrates a substantial level of resilience and perceptuality in the light of Bit Error Rate (BER), Normalized Correlation (NC), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) with values of 0, 1, and 26.67, respectively, under several audio-processing assaults. Moreover, the proposed method can help to find the first source of origin in OSM. Later, the study focus will be expanded to incorporate optimization&#xa0;techniques with blockchain technology.</p>

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Source authentication of audio in online social media by using DWT, SLT, and BCH code

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Mohd Shaliyar,
  • Khurram Mustafa

摘要

The Online Social Media (OSM) platform is a sophisticated web-based network that enables worldwide message sharing/forwarding, analyzing, and polling services with many others. With the expanding availability of internet services, it has become increasingly effortless to share and disseminate web content through OSM. WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram are some of the best-known OSM platforms that fit this definition. However, disseminating online content without ensuring the credibility of the source may lead to serious social, economic, or political ramifications, such as the spread of misinformation, deterioration of public confidence, and threats to personal and communal well-being. Motivated by these issues, the suggested study propounded a novel watermarking methodology to identify and authenticate the source of shared audio web content in OSM. A 10-digit contact number, an SSN (Social Security Number), or an Aadhaar (a unique identification number in India), the messenger app's code, and GPS coordinates are used as a watermark. In the embedding stage, the host signal is first ruptured into homogeneous blocks. Whereas each block is directed to Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Slantlet Transform (SLT). To improve the robustness and reliability, two copies of the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) encoded watermark are inserted into the host signal. In contrast to previously existing studies, the propounded methodology demonstrates a substantial level of resilience and perceptuality in the light of Bit Error Rate (BER), Normalized Correlation (NC), and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) with values of 0, 1, and 26.67, respectively, under several audio-processing assaults. Moreover, the proposed method can help to find the first source of origin in OSM. Later, the study focus will be expanded to incorporate optimization techniques with blockchain technology.