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<p>Sixth Generation (6G) networks target minimal latency, elevated data throughput, and uninterrupted connectivity. Cooperative communication improves reliability via collaborative devices and networks. Antennas are pivotal signal interfaces in these complex systems. This paper presents an exhaustive analysis of antenna design and its appropriateness for cooperative communication in 6G and future advancements. The study addresses the essential conditions requisite for 6G communication. These conditions primarily involve the utilization of higher-frequency bands, an increased number of connected terminals, and advanced beamforming techniques. It examines antennas such as the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) to assess their role in meeting 6G requirements. The article further reviews high-frequency communication phenomena like path loss, which intensifies with frequency, and improved transmission direction accuracy. It explores innovative antenna designs that alleviate these issues through developments in materials, configurations, and adaptability. Additionally, the importance of these antennas for prospective 6G applications, including autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT), is analyzed.</p>

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Toward 6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Study of Antenna Design, Selection, and Suitability for Cooperative Communication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Ali Nauman,
  • Syed Kamran Haider,
  • Tahir Khurshaid,
  • Sung Won Kim

摘要

Sixth Generation (6G) networks target minimal latency, elevated data throughput, and uninterrupted connectivity. Cooperative communication improves reliability via collaborative devices and networks. Antennas are pivotal signal interfaces in these complex systems. This paper presents an exhaustive analysis of antenna design and its appropriateness for cooperative communication in 6G and future advancements. The study addresses the essential conditions requisite for 6G communication. These conditions primarily involve the utilization of higher-frequency bands, an increased number of connected terminals, and advanced beamforming techniques. It examines antennas such as the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) to assess their role in meeting 6G requirements. The article further reviews high-frequency communication phenomena like path loss, which intensifies with frequency, and improved transmission direction accuracy. It explores innovative antenna designs that alleviate these issues through developments in materials, configurations, and adaptability. Additionally, the importance of these antennas for prospective 6G applications, including autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT), is analyzed.