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Background <p>Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are vital oxidoreductases governing plant redox homeostasis, growth, development and stress adaptation. Although GRXs carry essential biological functions, the <i>GRX</i> gene family in wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja Sieb</i> and <i>Zucc</i>.) lacks systematic characterization. This genome-wide study aimed to identify and profile wild soybean <i>GRX</i> genes and explore their functions in salt stress tolerance.</p> Methods and Results <p>Hidden Markov Model screening retrieved 196 candidate GRX proteins; 54 non-redundant <i>GsGRX</i> genes were validated via domain identification and redundancy filtering (sample set: whole wild soybean genome). The encoded proteins varied widely in sequence length, molecular weight, isoelectric point, stability and hydropathicity. Most <i>GsGRXs</i> localized to chloroplasts, with partial distribution in mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus. Segmental and tandem duplications drove <i>GsGRX</i> family expansion, and collinearity confirmed conserved evolutionary relationships with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Oryza sativa</i>. Promoters contained abundant cis-elements linked to light, hormone and abiotic stress signaling. qRT-PCR showed time-dependent (0, 3, 6&#xa0;h) transcriptional fluctuations of <i>GsGRX</i> genes under saline-alkali stress.</p> Conclusions <p>Transcriptional dynamics under stress verify the participation of <i>GsGRX</i> genes in plant stress regulatory networks. This work establishes the first full-scale characterization of the <i>G. soja GRX</i> family, uncovering novel evidence for their core roles in cellular redox control and salt stress resistance in wild soybean.</p>

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Genome-wide identification and characterization of the glutaredoxin (GRX) family genes in wild soybean and their expression dynamics under salt and alkali conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Resham Khan,
  • Zhang Chengbo,
  • Aiza Zahid,
  • Naila Ali,
  • Arshia Tariq,
  • Athar Mutahari,
  • Binish Khaliq,
  • Anis Ali Shah,
  • Asfa Batool,
  • Chen Chao,
  • Zaib un Nisa,
  • Mansour K. Gatasheh

摘要

Background

Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are vital oxidoreductases governing plant redox homeostasis, growth, development and stress adaptation. Although GRXs carry essential biological functions, the GRX gene family in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb and Zucc.) lacks systematic characterization. This genome-wide study aimed to identify and profile wild soybean GRX genes and explore their functions in salt stress tolerance.

Methods and Results

Hidden Markov Model screening retrieved 196 candidate GRX proteins; 54 non-redundant GsGRX genes were validated via domain identification and redundancy filtering (sample set: whole wild soybean genome). The encoded proteins varied widely in sequence length, molecular weight, isoelectric point, stability and hydropathicity. Most GsGRXs localized to chloroplasts, with partial distribution in mitochondria, cytoplasm and nucleus. Segmental and tandem duplications drove GsGRX family expansion, and collinearity confirmed conserved evolutionary relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Promoters contained abundant cis-elements linked to light, hormone and abiotic stress signaling. qRT-PCR showed time-dependent (0, 3, 6 h) transcriptional fluctuations of GsGRX genes under saline-alkali stress.

Conclusions

Transcriptional dynamics under stress verify the participation of GsGRX genes in plant stress regulatory networks. This work establishes the first full-scale characterization of the G. soja GRX family, uncovering novel evidence for their core roles in cellular redox control and salt stress resistance in wild soybean.