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Background <p>Chronic consumption of omega-6-enriched dietary fat may disturb brain redox balance and neuroinflammatory homeostasis. Among the sirtuins, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) exerts critical neuroprotective functions by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling; however, the impact of sunflower oil-based high-fat diets (SO-HFD) on brain SIRT1 activity has not been investigated.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of SO-HFD on oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers, and SIRT1 activity in rat brain tissue, and to evaluate the potential modulatory role of L-arginine supplementation.</p> Methods <p>Four-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: control, SO-HFD, and SO-HFD + L-arginine. Both SO-HFD groups were fed a diet containing sunflower oil for 16 weeks; from week 10 onward, 1.5% L-arginine was supplemented in the drinking water of the SO-HFD + L-arginine group. Following the 16-week protocol, serum and brain specimens were collected. Serum biochemical parameters and adiponectin were quantified; brain homogenates were assayed for lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein thiols (protein-SH), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and SIRT1 activity.</p> Results <p>Although brain MDA levels were not significantly elevated, SO-HFD animals exhibited reduced GSH and protein-SH content together with diminished SIRT1 activity. The SO-HFD increased TNF-α and NO levels. L-arginine supplementation decreased MDA and increased GSH, protein-SH, and SIRT1 activity. L-arginine also suppressed TNF-α levels in brain tissue compared to the SO-HFD group. NO levels in the SO-HFD + L-arginine group were lower than in the SO-HFD group, though not significantly.</p> Conclusion <p>These findings suggest that chronic exposure to an omega-6-dominant dietary environment disturbs redox regulation and inflammatory balance in brain tissue, accompanied by reduced SIRT1 activity. L-arginine may attenuate cerebral oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by reinforcing endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a nutritional strategy against SO-HFD-induced brain oxidative stress.</p>

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Modulation of brain antioxidant defense, inflammation, and SIRT1 activity by a sunflower oil–based high-fat diet: protective role of L-arginine in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Nuray ÇAVUŞOĞLU,
  • Turgut ŞEKERLER,
  • Özge DOĞAN,
  • Azize ŞENER

摘要

Background

Chronic consumption of omega-6-enriched dietary fat may disturb brain redox balance and neuroinflammatory homeostasis. Among the sirtuins, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) exerts critical neuroprotective functions by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling; however, the impact of sunflower oil-based high-fat diets (SO-HFD) on brain SIRT1 activity has not been investigated.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of SO-HFD on oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory markers, and SIRT1 activity in rat brain tissue, and to evaluate the potential modulatory role of L-arginine supplementation.

Methods

Four-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: control, SO-HFD, and SO-HFD + L-arginine. Both SO-HFD groups were fed a diet containing sunflower oil for 16 weeks; from week 10 onward, 1.5% L-arginine was supplemented in the drinking water of the SO-HFD + L-arginine group. Following the 16-week protocol, serum and brain specimens were collected. Serum biochemical parameters and adiponectin were quantified; brain homogenates were assayed for lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein thiols (protein-SH), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, and SIRT1 activity.

Results

Although brain MDA levels were not significantly elevated, SO-HFD animals exhibited reduced GSH and protein-SH content together with diminished SIRT1 activity. The SO-HFD increased TNF-α and NO levels. L-arginine supplementation decreased MDA and increased GSH, protein-SH, and SIRT1 activity. L-arginine also suppressed TNF-α levels in brain tissue compared to the SO-HFD group. NO levels in the SO-HFD + L-arginine group were lower than in the SO-HFD group, though not significantly.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that chronic exposure to an omega-6-dominant dietary environment disturbs redox regulation and inflammatory balance in brain tissue, accompanied by reduced SIRT1 activity. L-arginine may attenuate cerebral oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by reinforcing endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a nutritional strategy against SO-HFD-induced brain oxidative stress.