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<p>Nipah virus (NiV) and Chandipura virus (CHPV) are emerging zoonotic pathogens in South Asia that pose significant public health threats due to their high morbidity and mortality. NiV, a Henipavirus, is transmitted from fruit bats and pigs to humans and can spread via human-to-human contact, causing severe respiratory and neurological disease. CHPV, a Vesiculovirus, is a leading cause of rapidly progressive encephalitis in rural India and has re-emerged in Africa and Sri Lanka. Despite their shared neurotropic nature, these viruses differ in transmission dynamics, clinical presentation, and virology, complicating diagnosis and control. This review compares the epidemiology, pathogenesis, virology, diagnostic methods, and current therapeutic strategies for NiV and CHPV. There is an urgent need for effective vaccines, better diagnostics, enhanced surveillance, and the implementation of a One Health approach that includes environmental, animal, and human health systems. Understanding the biology of these viruses and their public health implications is critical in the prevention of future outbreaks.</p>

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Nipah and chandipura viruses: Emerging neurotropic zoonotic viruses in south asia — a comparative review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Mustak Ahamed,
  • Zuber Khan,
  • Mumtaz,
  • Sidharth Mehan,
  • Nainsi Kumari,
  • Aditya Raj,
  • Manjeet Kumar

摘要

Nipah virus (NiV) and Chandipura virus (CHPV) are emerging zoonotic pathogens in South Asia that pose significant public health threats due to their high morbidity and mortality. NiV, a Henipavirus, is transmitted from fruit bats and pigs to humans and can spread via human-to-human contact, causing severe respiratory and neurological disease. CHPV, a Vesiculovirus, is a leading cause of rapidly progressive encephalitis in rural India and has re-emerged in Africa and Sri Lanka. Despite their shared neurotropic nature, these viruses differ in transmission dynamics, clinical presentation, and virology, complicating diagnosis and control. This review compares the epidemiology, pathogenesis, virology, diagnostic methods, and current therapeutic strategies for NiV and CHPV. There is an urgent need for effective vaccines, better diagnostics, enhanced surveillance, and the implementation of a One Health approach that includes environmental, animal, and human health systems. Understanding the biology of these viruses and their public health implications is critical in the prevention of future outbreaks.