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Background <p>The study investigated the transcriptional level expression dynamics of nonspecific (iNOS and TLR22) and specific (IgM, IgD, and IgZ) immune genes in rohu (<i>Labeo rohita</i>) following challenge with formalin-inactivated and virulent <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> in the specific tissues, such as gill, kidney, liver, gut, and skin.</p> Methods and results <p>Fish were immunized on days 0 and 14 with 7.98 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/mL <i>F. columnare</i> and challenged with live bacteria on day 35 (7.98 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL). Immune gene expression was analyzed at multiple time points. Samples for long-term monitoring were taken at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days post-vaccination (dpv), while immediate responses were evaluated at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60&#xa0;h post-vaccination (hpv) for the instantaneous responsive genes. Significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) iNOS expression was observed on 7 dpv, peaking in the kidney (7–24 dpv), with skin showing the lowermost response. TLR22 was upregulated on 7 dpv in all tissues except the liver, which further increased post-challenge. The booster (day 14) had no significant effect on nonspecific immune responsive genes, but the virulent bacterial challenge enhanced the expression of iNOS and TLR22. Early post-vaccination transcript analysis of iNOS and TLR22 showed significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) upregulation from 12 to 60&#xa0;h, with the highest modulation in the gill, skin, and gut for TLR22 and liver, kidney, and gill for iNOS. Specific immune genes showed tissue-specific responses: IgM peaked in the kidney, gill, gut, and skin; IgD in the skin, gill, kidney, and gut; and IgZ in the gut, skin, and gill. Spiked expression of all specific genes was observed at seven days post-booster challenge, indicating a classical immune response.</p> Conclusion <p>This study examines the immune gene expression dynamics in rohu fish following vaccination and bacterial challenge, providing insights into tissue-specific immune responses and implications for disease control strategies using vaccination. This study contributes to understanding immune gene expression dynamics post-vaccination, advancing knowledge of host-vaccine-pathogen interactions and key foundations of disease control tactics in fish.</p>

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Transcriptional investigation of immune gene expression dynamics in Rohu (Labeo rohita) in response to killed Flavobacterium columnare vaccine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Jayalakshmi Subramaniyan Akash,
  • Megha Kadam Bedekar,
  • Kooloth Valappil Rajendran,
  • Gayatri Tripathi,
  • Anisha Valsalam,
  • Gopal Krishna

摘要

Background

The study investigated the transcriptional level expression dynamics of nonspecific (iNOS and TLR22) and specific (IgM, IgD, and IgZ) immune genes in rohu (Labeo rohita) following challenge with formalin-inactivated and virulent Flavobacterium columnare in the specific tissues, such as gill, kidney, liver, gut, and skin.

Methods and results

Fish were immunized on days 0 and 14 with 7.98 × 107 CFU/mL F. columnare and challenged with live bacteria on day 35 (7.98 × 108 CFU/mL). Immune gene expression was analyzed at multiple time points. Samples for long-term monitoring were taken at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days post-vaccination (dpv), while immediate responses were evaluated at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h post-vaccination (hpv) for the instantaneous responsive genes. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) iNOS expression was observed on 7 dpv, peaking in the kidney (7–24 dpv), with skin showing the lowermost response. TLR22 was upregulated on 7 dpv in all tissues except the liver, which further increased post-challenge. The booster (day 14) had no significant effect on nonspecific immune responsive genes, but the virulent bacterial challenge enhanced the expression of iNOS and TLR22. Early post-vaccination transcript analysis of iNOS and TLR22 showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) upregulation from 12 to 60 h, with the highest modulation in the gill, skin, and gut for TLR22 and liver, kidney, and gill for iNOS. Specific immune genes showed tissue-specific responses: IgM peaked in the kidney, gill, gut, and skin; IgD in the skin, gill, kidney, and gut; and IgZ in the gut, skin, and gill. Spiked expression of all specific genes was observed at seven days post-booster challenge, indicating a classical immune response.

Conclusion

This study examines the immune gene expression dynamics in rohu fish following vaccination and bacterial challenge, providing insights into tissue-specific immune responses and implications for disease control strategies using vaccination. This study contributes to understanding immune gene expression dynamics post-vaccination, advancing knowledge of host-vaccine-pathogen interactions and key foundations of disease control tactics in fish.