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Background <p>The extensive dissemination of carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (CR-UPEC) has serious public health implications, particularly limiting treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of the natural compound linalool, an active component of some medicinal herbs, alone and in combination with metformin and imipenem against CR-UPEC and its effects on the expression of adhesin genes important for UPEC virulence.</p> Methods <p>Ten isolates of CR-UPEC were collected from female patients aged 11–56 years old. The antibacterial tests and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) levels of agents were determined in ranges 0.5–1024&#xa0;µg/mL. Moreover, anti-biofilm effects were measured in microplate tissue assay. The expression of adhesin genes was evaluated in exposure to agents using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.</p> Results <p>We observed downregulation of <i>fimH</i>,<i> papC</i>, and <i>afa/dra</i> genes by 2.6 fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), 2.2 fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and 1.6 fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), respectively following linalool treatment. Moreover, linalool and metformin mitigated the levels of biofilm formation by CR-UPEC. In addition, linalool but not metformin outlined synergistic antibacterial effects with imipenem via marked reduction of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).</p> Conclusion <p>According to the results, metformin and linalool exhibited antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against CR-UPEC isolates. In the future, more number of isolates are needed and sufficient molecular mechanistic studies should be performed to verify these findings.</p>

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Adhesin genes expression among carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli exposed to linalool and metformin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Amna Al-hashimi,
  • Zainab Oday Hamed,
  • Ali-H. Al-Marzoqi,
  • Fouad Qasim Jubair Al-Zayadi

摘要

Background

The extensive dissemination of carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (CR-UPEC) has serious public health implications, particularly limiting treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of the natural compound linalool, an active component of some medicinal herbs, alone and in combination with metformin and imipenem against CR-UPEC and its effects on the expression of adhesin genes important for UPEC virulence.

Methods

Ten isolates of CR-UPEC were collected from female patients aged 11–56 years old. The antibacterial tests and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) levels of agents were determined in ranges 0.5–1024 µg/mL. Moreover, anti-biofilm effects were measured in microplate tissue assay. The expression of adhesin genes was evaluated in exposure to agents using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.

Results

We observed downregulation of fimH, papC, and afa/dra genes by 2.6 fold (p < 0.0001), 2.2 fold (p < 0.0001) and 1.6 fold (p < 0.01), respectively following linalool treatment. Moreover, linalool and metformin mitigated the levels of biofilm formation by CR-UPEC. In addition, linalool but not metformin outlined synergistic antibacterial effects with imipenem via marked reduction of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Conclusion

According to the results, metformin and linalool exhibited antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against CR-UPEC isolates. In the future, more number of isolates are needed and sufficient molecular mechanistic studies should be performed to verify these findings.