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<p>Eukaryotic genome is highly complex and intricately organized, with nearly 98% of the human genome consisting of non-protein coding regions. Over the past few decades, extensive research has revealed a wealth of information within these non-coding elements, leading to the identification of various non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and other regulatory RNAs. Among these, lncRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of diverse biological processes such as chromatin remodelling, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic control. A particularly significant aspect of lncRNA function is their interaction with miRNAs, where they act as molecular scaffolds, decoys, guides, or sponges, modulating miRNA activity and influencing gene expression. These lncRNA-miRNA interactions play critical roles in regulating cellular pathways and have important implications in the onset and progression of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA biogenesis, their functional mechanisms, and their diverse roles in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, with a special focus on the dynamic interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs in gene regulation and disease progression.</p>

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Emerging landscape of lncRNA-miRNA interactions as architects of gene expression patterns

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Mohini Singh,
  • Kanu Priya,
  • Amka Nagar,
  • Rohit Nalavade

摘要

Eukaryotic genome is highly complex and intricately organized, with nearly 98% of the human genome consisting of non-protein coding regions. Over the past few decades, extensive research has revealed a wealth of information within these non-coding elements, leading to the identification of various non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and other regulatory RNAs. Among these, lncRNAs have emerged as crucial regulators of diverse biological processes such as chromatin remodelling, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic control. A particularly significant aspect of lncRNA function is their interaction with miRNAs, where they act as molecular scaffolds, decoys, guides, or sponges, modulating miRNA activity and influencing gene expression. These lncRNA-miRNA interactions play critical roles in regulating cellular pathways and have important implications in the onset and progression of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of lncRNA biogenesis, their functional mechanisms, and their diverse roles in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, with a special focus on the dynamic interplay between lncRNAs and miRNAs in gene regulation and disease progression.