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Background <p>The Violet-capped Hummingbird (<i>Golmania violiceps</i>), also known as Colibrí Copetivioleta, is a threatened species endemic to the highlands of eastern Panama and the border with Colombia. The species has a highly restricted distribution, with isolated populations only found in Cerro Chucantí, the Majé Range, and Cerro Tacarcuna. Within these remote regions, it occupies a narrow elevational range, inhabiting humid forests and forest edges between 600 and 1200&#xa0;m above sea level. Despite the species’ uniqueness and potential conservation concerns, little is known about its biology or natural history, and molecular data remain notably scarce.</p> Methods and results <p>We assembled and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of <i>G. violiceps</i> using reads obtained from hybrid capture libraries targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We also used published mitogenomic data to assess the phylogenetic position of <i>G. violiceps</i> within the tribe Trochilini. The structural features of the mitogenome closely resemble those of other published emerald hummingbirds, suggesting a conserved mitochondrial genome organization across the tribe. Phylogenetic analysis placed <i>G. violiceps</i> alongside other members of the emerald clade.</p> Conclusion <p>Our study provides molecular data to inform the species’ conservation status and its long-term viability in the region. These data also offer valuable insights into the evolutionary processes driving diversification in the Darién highlands, a remote region with high avian endemism in eastern Panama.</p>

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Mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of the endemic Violet-capped hummingbird, Goldmania violiceps

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Celestino Aguilar,
  • Jorge L. Garzon,
  • Luis F. De León

摘要

Background

The Violet-capped Hummingbird (Golmania violiceps), also known as Colibrí Copetivioleta, is a threatened species endemic to the highlands of eastern Panama and the border with Colombia. The species has a highly restricted distribution, with isolated populations only found in Cerro Chucantí, the Majé Range, and Cerro Tacarcuna. Within these remote regions, it occupies a narrow elevational range, inhabiting humid forests and forest edges between 600 and 1200 m above sea level. Despite the species’ uniqueness and potential conservation concerns, little is known about its biology or natural history, and molecular data remain notably scarce.

Methods and results

We assembled and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of G. violiceps using reads obtained from hybrid capture libraries targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We also used published mitogenomic data to assess the phylogenetic position of G. violiceps within the tribe Trochilini. The structural features of the mitogenome closely resemble those of other published emerald hummingbirds, suggesting a conserved mitochondrial genome organization across the tribe. Phylogenetic analysis placed G. violiceps alongside other members of the emerald clade.

Conclusion

Our study provides molecular data to inform the species’ conservation status and its long-term viability in the region. These data also offer valuable insights into the evolutionary processes driving diversification in the Darién highlands, a remote region with high avian endemism in eastern Panama.