Background <p>The filamentation temperature-sensitive H (FtsH) gene family, which is known to play a critical role in plant growth and development by regulating photosynthesis, chloroplast development, and response to plant stress, has been extensively studied in various species. However, the <i>FtsH</i> gene family in wheat has not been previously documented.</p> Methods and results <p>In this study, 38 <i>TaFtsH</i> gene family members were identified, divided into eight groups and unevenly distributed across various chromosomes. Analysis of gene structure and conserved motifs revealed that <i>TaFtsH</i> genes within the same taxon share similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Further collinearity analysis provided insights into the evolutionary history of <i>TaFtsH</i> genes. Examination of <i>cis</i>-acting elements in the promoter region of <i>TaFtsH</i> genes revealed the presence of developmental and stress response elements in genes. The expression pattern of the wheat <i>FtsH</i> gene under various abiotic stresses was analyzed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Additionally, transient expression in tobacco verified the localization of the TaFtsH11-B protein in chloroplasts.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings collectively contribute to laying the groundwork for the functional characterization of <i>TaFtsH</i> genes.</p>