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<p>Reduction of culm length is a key breeding target in wheat to improve lodging resistance. However, only a few culm length–related genes have been used in breeding programs, and some of these genes are associated with undesirable side effects. Therefore, novel genetic variations are needed for fine regulation of culm length. In this study, we mutagenized the Japanese wheat cultivar ‘Chikugoizumi’ with γ-irradiation and characterized a mutant, CI1G0208, with a short culm and compact spike. Whole-genome resequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a translocation of the distal region of chromosome 5A to the short arm of chromosome 2B, resulting in duplication of a 75.7-Mbp chromosome 5A fragment and a 37.8-Mbp deletion on chromosome 2B. Segregation analysis demonstrated that progeny carrying the 2BS–5AL translocation had significantly shortened culm and spike. The duplicated 5A fragment contained two known culm length–related genes, <i>Q</i> and <i>Rht12</i>, both of which showed increased expression in the mutant. Exogenous gibberellin (GA) application partially restored the culm length, indicating that both GA-dependent and GA-independent pathways contributed to the mutant phenotype and suggesting that the increased gene dosage of <i>Q</i> and <i>Rht12</i> cooperatively reduced culm length. These findings demonstrate that an artificially induced mutation can generate a novel allele affecting an agronomically important trait and highlight the potential of such mutations as breeding resources for fine-tuning culm length.</p>

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A translocation-mediated duplication of the distal region of chromosome 5A reduced the culm length in a gamma-irradiated wheat mutant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Shoya Komura,
  • Makiko Chono,
  • Hitoshi Matsunaka,
  • Kazuhiro Nakamura,
  • Goro Ishikawa,
  • Mariko Ueno,
  • Yumiko Takebayashi,
  • Mikiko Kojima,
  • Masanori Okamoto,
  • Kentaro Yoshida,
  • Fuminori Kobayashi

摘要

Reduction of culm length is a key breeding target in wheat to improve lodging resistance. However, only a few culm length–related genes have been used in breeding programs, and some of these genes are associated with undesirable side effects. Therefore, novel genetic variations are needed for fine regulation of culm length. In this study, we mutagenized the Japanese wheat cultivar ‘Chikugoizumi’ with γ-irradiation and characterized a mutant, CI1G0208, with a short culm and compact spike. Whole-genome resequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a translocation of the distal region of chromosome 5A to the short arm of chromosome 2B, resulting in duplication of a 75.7-Mbp chromosome 5A fragment and a 37.8-Mbp deletion on chromosome 2B. Segregation analysis demonstrated that progeny carrying the 2BS–5AL translocation had significantly shortened culm and spike. The duplicated 5A fragment contained two known culm length–related genes, Q and Rht12, both of which showed increased expression in the mutant. Exogenous gibberellin (GA) application partially restored the culm length, indicating that both GA-dependent and GA-independent pathways contributed to the mutant phenotype and suggesting that the increased gene dosage of Q and Rht12 cooperatively reduced culm length. These findings demonstrate that an artificially induced mutation can generate a novel allele affecting an agronomically important trait and highlight the potential of such mutations as breeding resources for fine-tuning culm length.