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<p>Adaptation efforts can lessen climate change impacts on livelihoods of rural households. However, the ability to adapt to climate change is socially differentiated and shaped by various factors, including gender. An empirical understanding of exactly how adaptation differs by gender in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular is limited. This research addresses this knowledge gap with evidence from selected households in the two districts of Ethiopia’s Amhara region with a mixed-methods approach based on a survey of 113 households complemented by two focus group discussions, and four key informant interviews. Regression models were used to examine households’ decision to adapt and their choices among multiple adaptation strategies. The results show that both male-headed (86%) and female-headed households (78%) adopted at least one adaptation strategies. However, the level of adaptation varied by gender. For specific strategies, like, irrigation, agricultural inputs, planting commercial and non-commercial plants, and livelihood diversification, a higher percentage of male-headed households adopted the strategy as compared to female-headed households. As the regression model shows gender (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) remained a significant factor influencing households’ decision to adapt, and their choice of multiple adaptation strategies. In addition, the binary logistic regression model shows that access to credit, access to early warning information, ownership of land certification, and support from Kebele (the lowest administrative unit) significantly affected households adaptation decisions. The multinomial regression model similarly reveals household size, farm size, access to credit, access to early warning information, ownership of land certification, and support from <i>kebele</i> are the determinant factors that influenced households choice of multiple adaptation strategies. Future climate adaptation recommendations for the Amhara region of Ethiopia should consider the differences in strategies of climate adaptation by gender and strengthen institutional support for both female-headed and male-headed households to enhance their capacity to adapt.</p>

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Gender differentiated climate change adaptation strategies in rural Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Birtukan Atinkut Asmare,
  • Corrie Hannah

摘要

Adaptation efforts can lessen climate change impacts on livelihoods of rural households. However, the ability to adapt to climate change is socially differentiated and shaped by various factors, including gender. An empirical understanding of exactly how adaptation differs by gender in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular is limited. This research addresses this knowledge gap with evidence from selected households in the two districts of Ethiopia’s Amhara region with a mixed-methods approach based on a survey of 113 households complemented by two focus group discussions, and four key informant interviews. Regression models were used to examine households’ decision to adapt and their choices among multiple adaptation strategies. The results show that both male-headed (86%) and female-headed households (78%) adopted at least one adaptation strategies. However, the level of adaptation varied by gender. For specific strategies, like, irrigation, agricultural inputs, planting commercial and non-commercial plants, and livelihood diversification, a higher percentage of male-headed households adopted the strategy as compared to female-headed households. As the regression model shows gender (p < 0.05) remained a significant factor influencing households’ decision to adapt, and their choice of multiple adaptation strategies. In addition, the binary logistic regression model shows that access to credit, access to early warning information, ownership of land certification, and support from Kebele (the lowest administrative unit) significantly affected households adaptation decisions. The multinomial regression model similarly reveals household size, farm size, access to credit, access to early warning information, ownership of land certification, and support from kebele are the determinant factors that influenced households choice of multiple adaptation strategies. Future climate adaptation recommendations for the Amhara region of Ethiopia should consider the differences in strategies of climate adaptation by gender and strengthen institutional support for both female-headed and male-headed households to enhance their capacity to adapt.