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<p>Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis. It undergoes an extensive and complex metabolism through three pathways, the kynurenine pathway (KP), the serotonin pathway (SP), and the indole pathway (IP), resulting in a series of metabolites called tryptophan catabolics (TRYCATs). Alterations in TRP metabolism, including enzymes involved in these pathways, TRYCATs themselves, and their receptors, are involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases’ pathological processes, paving the way to develop drugs to target them. Herein, this review will comprehensively elaborate on the TRP metabolic pathways, delve into its metabolic alterations’ potential pathogenic molecular mechanisms, and highlight the latest pharmacological advancements targeting it in the treatment of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Tryptophan metabolism alterations in neurological and psychiatric diseases: Molecular mechanisms and pharmacological targets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Yuanyuan Wang,
  • Yuling Chen,
  • Hongtao Li,
  • Jingjing Sang,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Lei Xu,
  • Weiting Zhang,
  • Baichen Xiong,
  • Ruijia Jiang,
  • Xinyu Ren,
  • Yao Chen,
  • Haopeng Sun,
  • Feng Feng

摘要

Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis. It undergoes an extensive and complex metabolism through three pathways, the kynurenine pathway (KP), the serotonin pathway (SP), and the indole pathway (IP), resulting in a series of metabolites called tryptophan catabolics (TRYCATs). Alterations in TRP metabolism, including enzymes involved in these pathways, TRYCATs themselves, and their receptors, are involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases’ pathological processes, paving the way to develop drugs to target them. Herein, this review will comprehensively elaborate on the TRP metabolic pathways, delve into its metabolic alterations’ potential pathogenic molecular mechanisms, and highlight the latest pharmacological advancements targeting it in the treatment of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Graphical Abstract