<p>Consider the random Schrödinger operator <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> defined on <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{0,1,\cdots ,n\}\subset \mathbb {Z}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation><Equation ID="Equ56"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} (H_n\psi )_\ell =\psi _{\ell -1,n}+\psi _{\ell +1,n}+\sigma \frac{\omega _\ell }{a_{\ell ,n}}\psi _{\ell ,n},\quad \psi _0=\psi _{n+1}=0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega _\ell \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are i.i.d. random variables and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_{\ell ,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> typically has order <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sqrt{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msqrt> <mi>n</mi> </msqrt> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\ell \in [\epsilon n,(1-\epsilon )n]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and any <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\epsilon &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Two important cases: (a) the vanishing case <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_{\ell ,n}=\sqrt{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mi>n</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and (b) the decaying case <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_{\ell ,n}=\sqrt{\ell }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msqrt> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, were studied before in [<CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>]. In this paper, we consider more general decaying profiles that lie in between these two extreme cases. We characterize the scaling limit of transfer matrices and determine the point process limit of eigenvalues near a fixed energy in the bulk, in terms of solutions to coupled SDEs. We obtain new point processes that share similar properties to the <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text {Sch}_\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>Sch</mtext> <mi>τ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> process. We determine the shape profile of eigenfunctions after a suitable rescaling that corresponds to a uniformly chosen eigenvalue of <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We also give a more detailed description of the newly defined point processes, including the probability of small and large gaps and a variance estimate.</p>

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More scaling limits for 1D random Schrödinger operators with critically decaying and vanishing potential

  • Yi Han

摘要

Consider the random Schrödinger operator \(H_n\) H n defined on \(\{0,1,\cdots ,n\}\subset \mathbb {Z}\) { 0 , 1 , , n } Z \(\begin{aligned} (H_n\psi )_\ell =\psi _{\ell -1,n}+\psi _{\ell +1,n}+\sigma \frac{\omega _\ell }{a_{\ell ,n}}\psi _{\ell ,n},\quad \psi _0=\psi _{n+1}=0, \end{aligned}\) ( H n ψ ) = ψ - 1 , n + ψ + 1 , n + σ ω a , n ψ , n , ψ 0 = ψ n + 1 = 0 , where \(\sigma >0\) σ > 0 , \(\omega _\ell \) ω are i.i.d. random variables and \(a_{\ell ,n}\) a , n typically has order \(\sqrt{n}\) n for \(\ell \in [\epsilon n,(1-\epsilon )n]\) [ ϵ n , ( 1 - ϵ ) n ] and any \(\epsilon >0\) ϵ > 0 . Two important cases: (a) the vanishing case \(a_{\ell ,n}=\sqrt{n}\) a , n = n and (b) the decaying case \(a_{\ell ,n}=\sqrt{\ell }\) a , n = , were studied before in [1]. In this paper, we consider more general decaying profiles that lie in between these two extreme cases. We characterize the scaling limit of transfer matrices and determine the point process limit of eigenvalues near a fixed energy in the bulk, in terms of solutions to coupled SDEs. We obtain new point processes that share similar properties to the \(\text {Sch}_\tau \) Sch τ process. We determine the shape profile of eigenfunctions after a suitable rescaling that corresponds to a uniformly chosen eigenvalue of \(H_n\) H n . We also give a more detailed description of the newly defined point processes, including the probability of small and large gaps and a variance estimate.