<p>Consider an <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\times k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> matrix of i.i.d. Bernoulli random numbers with <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p=1/2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The dual RSK algorithm gives a bijection of this matrix to a pair of Young tableaux of conjugate shape, which is manifestation of skew Howe <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(GL_{n}\times GL_{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-duality. Thus the probability measure on zero–ones matrix leads to the probability measure on Young diagrams proportional to the ratio of the dimension of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(GL_{n}\times GL_{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-representation and the dimension of the exterior algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bigwedge \left( \mathbb {C}^{n}\otimes \mathbb {C}^{k}\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>⋀</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo>⊗</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Similarly, by applying Proctor’s algorithm based on Berele’s modification of the Schensted insertion, we get skew Howe duality for the pairs of groups <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Sp_{2n}\times Sp_{2k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In the limit when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n,k\rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(GL\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">GL</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-case is relatively easily studied by use of free-fermionic representation for the correlation kernel. But for the symplectic groups there is no convenient free-fermionic representation. We use Christoffel transformation to obtain the semiclassical orthogonal polynomials for <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Sp_{2n}\times Sp_{2k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi>S</mi> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from Krawtchouk polynomials that describe <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(GL_{2n}\times GL_{2k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi>G</mi> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> case. We derive an integral representation for semiclassical polynomials. The study of the asymptotic of this integral representation gives us the description of the limit shapes and fluctuations of the random Young diagrams for symplectic groups.</p>

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Fluctuations of Young diagrams for symplectic groups and semiclassical orthogonal polynomials

  • Anton Nazarov,
  • Anton Selemenchuk

摘要

Consider an \(n\times k\) n × k matrix of i.i.d. Bernoulli random numbers with \(p=1/2\) p = 1 / 2 . The dual RSK algorithm gives a bijection of this matrix to a pair of Young tableaux of conjugate shape, which is manifestation of skew Howe \(GL_{n}\times GL_{k}\) G L n × G L k -duality. Thus the probability measure on zero–ones matrix leads to the probability measure on Young diagrams proportional to the ratio of the dimension of \(GL_{n}\times GL_{k}\) G L n × G L k -representation and the dimension of the exterior algebra \(\bigwedge \left( \mathbb {C}^{n}\otimes \mathbb {C}^{k}\right) \) C n C k . Similarly, by applying Proctor’s algorithm based on Berele’s modification of the Schensted insertion, we get skew Howe duality for the pairs of groups \(Sp_{2n}\times Sp_{2k}\) S p 2 n × S p 2 k . In the limit when \(n,k\rightarrow \infty \) n , k \(GL\) GL -case is relatively easily studied by use of free-fermionic representation for the correlation kernel. But for the symplectic groups there is no convenient free-fermionic representation. We use Christoffel transformation to obtain the semiclassical orthogonal polynomials for \(Sp_{2n}\times Sp_{2k}\) S p 2 n × S p 2 k from Krawtchouk polynomials that describe \(GL_{2n}\times GL_{2k}\) G L 2 n × G L 2 k case. We derive an integral representation for semiclassical polynomials. The study of the asymptotic of this integral representation gives us the description of the limit shapes and fluctuations of the random Young diagrams for symplectic groups.