<p>In previous work (Sati and Voronov in Commun Math Phys 400:1915–1960, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-023-04643-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-023-04643-7</a>, in Adv Theor Math Phys 28(8):2491–2601, 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.241119034750">https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.241119034750</a>), we introduced Mysterious Triality, extending the Mysterious Duality (Iqbal et al. in Adv Theor Math Phys 5:769–808, 2002. <a href="https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2001.v5.n4.a5">https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2001.v5.n4.a5</a>) between physics and algebraic geometry to include algebraic topology in the form of rational homotopy theory. Starting with the rational Sullivan minimal model of the 4-sphere <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, capturing the dynamics of M-theory via Hypothesis H, this progresses to the dimensional reduction of M-theory on torus <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T^k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k \ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with its dynamics described via the iterated cyclic loop space <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {L}}_c^k S^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msubsup> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the 4-sphere. From this, we also extracted data corresponding to the maximal torus/Cartan subalgebra and the Weyl group of the exceptional Lie group/algebra of type <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_k\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we discover much richer symmetry by extending the action of the Cartan subalgebra by symmetries of the equations of motion of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((11-k)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>11</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>d supergravity to a maximal parabolic subalgebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {p}_k^{k(k)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">p</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the Lie algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {e}_{k(k)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">e</mi> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the U-duality group. We do this by constructing the action on the rational homotopy model of the slightly more symmetric than <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {L}}_c^k S^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msubsup> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> toroidification <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}^k S^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which is another bookkeeping device for the equations of motion. To justify these results, we identify the minimal model of the toroidification <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1977_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}^k S^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </msup> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, generalizing the results of Vigué-Poirrier, Sullivan, and Burghelea, and establish an algebraic toroidification/totalization adjunction.</p>

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Mysterious triality and the exceptional symmetry of loop spaces

  • Hisham Sati,
  • Alexander A. Voronov

摘要

In previous work (Sati and Voronov in Commun Math Phys 400:1915–1960, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-023-04643-7, in Adv Theor Math Phys 28(8):2491–2601, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4310/atmp.241119034750), we introduced Mysterious Triality, extending the Mysterious Duality (Iqbal et al. in Adv Theor Math Phys 5:769–808, 2002. https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.2001.v5.n4.a5) between physics and algebraic geometry to include algebraic topology in the form of rational homotopy theory. Starting with the rational Sullivan minimal model of the 4-sphere \(S^4\) S 4 , capturing the dynamics of M-theory via Hypothesis H, this progresses to the dimensional reduction of M-theory on torus \(T^k\) T k , \(k \ge 1\) k 1 , with its dynamics described via the iterated cyclic loop space \({\mathcal {L}}_c^k S^4\) L c k S 4 of the 4-sphere. From this, we also extracted data corresponding to the maximal torus/Cartan subalgebra and the Weyl group of the exceptional Lie group/algebra of type \(E_k\) E k . In this paper, we discover much richer symmetry by extending the action of the Cartan subalgebra by symmetries of the equations of motion of \((11-k)\) ( 11 - k ) d supergravity to a maximal parabolic subalgebra \(\mathfrak {p}_k^{k(k)}\) p k k ( k ) of the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak {e}_{k(k)}\) e k ( k ) of the U-duality group. We do this by constructing the action on the rational homotopy model of the slightly more symmetric than \({\mathcal {L}}_c^k S^4\) L c k S 4 toroidification \({\mathcal {T}}^k S^4\) T k S 4 , which is another bookkeeping device for the equations of motion. To justify these results, we identify the minimal model of the toroidification \({\mathcal {T}}^k S^4\) T k S 4 , generalizing the results of Vigué-Poirrier, Sullivan, and Burghelea, and establish an algebraic toroidification/totalization adjunction.