<p>Any semigroup <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of stochastic matrices induces a semigroup majorization relation <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\prec ^{\mathcal {S}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mo>≺</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _{n-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of probability <i>n</i>-vectors. Pick <i>X</i>,&#xa0;<i>Y</i> at random in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta _{n-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>: what is the probability that <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i> are comparable under <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\prec ^{\mathcal {S}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mo>≺</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>? We review recent asymptotic (<InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\rightarrow \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) results and conjectures in the case of <i>majorization</i> relation (when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the set of doubly stochastic matrices), discuss natural generalisations, and prove a new asymptotic result in the case of majorization, and new exact finite-<i>n</i> formulae in the case of <i>UT-majorization</i> relation, i.e. when <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11005_2025_1968_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the set of upper-triangular stochastic matrices.</p>

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Relative volume of comparable pairs under semigroup majorization

  • Fabio Deelan Cunden,
  • Jakub Czartowski,
  • Giovanni Gramegna,
  • A. de Oliveira Junior

摘要

Any semigroup \(\mathcal {S}\) S of stochastic matrices induces a semigroup majorization relation \(\prec ^{\mathcal {S}}\) S on the set \(\Delta _{n-1}\) Δ n - 1 of probability n-vectors. Pick XY at random in \(\Delta _{n-1}\) Δ n - 1 : what is the probability that X and Y are comparable under \(\prec ^{\mathcal {S}}\) S ? We review recent asymptotic ( \(n\rightarrow \infty \) n ) results and conjectures in the case of majorization relation (when \(\mathcal {S}\) S is the set of doubly stochastic matrices), discuss natural generalisations, and prove a new asymptotic result in the case of majorization, and new exact finite-n formulae in the case of UT-majorization relation, i.e. when \(\mathcal {S}\) S is the set of upper-triangular stochastic matrices.