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<p>Piezoelectric materials are widely used in functional device design due to their excellent energy harvesting capabilities and low internal losses. Meanwhile, thermoelastic dissipation as the primary intrinsic damping mechanism invariably limits the energy storage and conversion efficiency in piezoelectric devices. To address this issue, this study establishes a theoretical framework that incorporates piezo-flexoelectricity while accounting for contributions from size-dependent and nonlocal effects. This is achieved by integrating the nonlocal strain-gradient (NSG) theory and the dual-phase-lag (DPL) heat-conduction model. Based on Hamilton's principle, the governing equations for the PZT-5A nanobeam model are derived and solved using the complex-frequency method. Numerical simulations further validate the proposed model. The study analyzes microscale parameters, modes, and piezo-flexoelectricity influences on nanobeam device thermoelastic damping (TED) and frequency shift (FS). The theoretical framework for TED developed in this work offers foundational insights for optimizing high-performance microscale devices and systems.</p>

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Thermoelastic damping energy dissipation of piezo-flexoelectric smart structure considering microscale effects and dual-phase-lag model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Zhengzhong Xiong,
  • Bingdong Gu,
  • Liang Gong,
  • Ailing He,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Jingyuan Zhuang,
  • Jiankang Li

摘要

Piezoelectric materials are widely used in functional device design due to their excellent energy harvesting capabilities and low internal losses. Meanwhile, thermoelastic dissipation as the primary intrinsic damping mechanism invariably limits the energy storage and conversion efficiency in piezoelectric devices. To address this issue, this study establishes a theoretical framework that incorporates piezo-flexoelectricity while accounting for contributions from size-dependent and nonlocal effects. This is achieved by integrating the nonlocal strain-gradient (NSG) theory and the dual-phase-lag (DPL) heat-conduction model. Based on Hamilton's principle, the governing equations for the PZT-5A nanobeam model are derived and solved using the complex-frequency method. Numerical simulations further validate the proposed model. The study analyzes microscale parameters, modes, and piezo-flexoelectricity influences on nanobeam device thermoelastic damping (TED) and frequency shift (FS). The theoretical framework for TED developed in this work offers foundational insights for optimizing high-performance microscale devices and systems.