<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_1, \dots , r_t\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be positive integers with <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_1^{-1}+\cdots +r_t^{-1}\ge 1.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>r</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> Recently, Chen and Xu proved that the set of positive integers that can be written as <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p+2^{k_1^{r_1}}+\cdots +2^{k_t^{r_t}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mi>k</mi> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msubsup> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <msubsup> <mi>k</mi> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </msubsup> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k_1, \dots , k_t \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are positive integers and <i>p</i> is prime, has a positive lower asymptotic density. In this paper, we generalize their result. In particular, let <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}=\{L_n: n=0,1,2,\ldots \} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be the Lucas sequence. We prove that the set of positive integers that can be written as <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p+L_{ k_1^{r_1} }+\cdots +L_{k_t^{r_t} }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <msubsup> <mi>k</mi> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </msubsup> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>L</mi> <msubsup> <mi>k</mi> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </msubsup> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has a positive lower asymptotic density. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( t=r_1=1, \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we show that there is a positive proportion of all positive integers that can be uniquely represented as the sum of a prime and a Lucas number.</p>

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On integers of the form \( p+L_{k_{1}^{r_{1}}}+\cdots +L_{k_{t}^{r_{t}}} \)

  • Rui-Jing Wang

摘要

Let \(r_1, \dots , r_t\) r 1 , , r t be positive integers with \(r_1^{-1}+\cdots +r_t^{-1}\ge 1.\) r 1 - 1 + + r t - 1 1 . Recently, Chen and Xu proved that the set of positive integers that can be written as \(p+2^{k_1^{r_1}}+\cdots +2^{k_t^{r_t}},\) p + 2 k 1 r 1 + + 2 k t r t , where \(k_1, \dots , k_t \) k 1 , , k t are positive integers and p is prime, has a positive lower asymptotic density. In this paper, we generalize their result. In particular, let \(\mathcal {L}=\{L_n: n=0,1,2,\ldots \} \) L = { L n : n = 0 , 1 , 2 , } be the Lucas sequence. We prove that the set of positive integers that can be written as \(p+L_{ k_1^{r_1} }+\cdots +L_{k_t^{r_t} }\) p + L k 1 r 1 + + L k t r t has a positive lower asymptotic density. For \( t=r_1=1, \) t = r 1 = 1 , we show that there is a positive proportion of all positive integers that can be uniquely represented as the sum of a prime and a Lucas number.