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<p>Uncertainty estimation plays a key role in many practical areas such as simulation and parameter optimization. Gaussian process (GP) is one popular model that provides naturally well-calibrated uncertainty estimates. However, it is challenging to learn a global GP posterior under the federated learning (FL) framework. In FL, clients’ private data should not be shared, but merging local kernels directly leads to privacy leakage. Previous works that consider federated GPs avoid it and focus on the personalized setting. This sacrifices information from other clients that can be exploited to benefit generalization. We present Federated Bayesian Neural Regression (FedBNR) that learns a global federated GP while respecting clients’ privacy. We incorporate deep kernel learning and random features by defining a unifying random kernel (URK). URK enables a principled approach of learning a global posterior as if all client data is centralized. Experiments conducted on real world regression datasets show statistically significant improvements.</p>

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FedBNR: A Fully Global Federated Gaussian Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Haolin Yu,
  • Kaiyang Guo,
  • Mahdi Karami,
  • Guojun Zhang,
  • Hongliang Li,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Pascal Poupart

摘要

Uncertainty estimation plays a key role in many practical areas such as simulation and parameter optimization. Gaussian process (GP) is one popular model that provides naturally well-calibrated uncertainty estimates. However, it is challenging to learn a global GP posterior under the federated learning (FL) framework. In FL, clients’ private data should not be shared, but merging local kernels directly leads to privacy leakage. Previous works that consider federated GPs avoid it and focus on the personalized setting. This sacrifices information from other clients that can be exploited to benefit generalization. We present Federated Bayesian Neural Regression (FedBNR) that learns a global federated GP while respecting clients’ privacy. We incorporate deep kernel learning and random features by defining a unifying random kernel (URK). URK enables a principled approach of learning a global posterior as if all client data is centralized. Experiments conducted on real world regression datasets show statistically significant improvements.