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Background <p>Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies due to limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, highlighting the need for novel and biocompatible therapeutic strategies.</p> Purpose <p>Bacteriocins, natural bioactive peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria, have recently attracted attention due to their potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties; however, their clinical application is limited by instability and poor bioavailability.</p> Methods <p>Bacteriocin produced by <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (BC-CSNPs) using the ionic gelation method to improve stability and biological activity. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, AFM, FTIR, and XRD analyses.</p> Results <p>The physicochemical characterization revealed successful bacteriocin incorporation into the chitosan matrix, with an increase in particle size from approximately 59 nm for chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) to 98 nm for BC-CSNPs, accompanied by increased surface roughness and reduced crystallinity indicating peptide–polymer interaction. The biological activity of the developed nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity compared with free bacteriocin and CSNPs alone, suggesting improved peptide stability and delivery efficiency. Furthermore, cytotoxic evaluation against Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells showed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability following BC-CSNPs treatment, with stronger anticancer activity compared with CSNPs alone. The enhanced cytotoxic effect was attributed to the combined activity of bacteriocin and the chitosan nanoparticle delivery system, which may improve cellular interaction and bioavailability.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, the findings demonstrate that bacteriocin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles represent a promising multifunctional nano-delivery platform with potential applications in pancreatic cancer therapy. This study provides new insight into the use of lactic acid bacteria-derived bacteriocins beyond antimicrobial applications toward cancer-targeted nanotherapeutic approaches.</p>

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Anticancer Potential of Bacteriocin-Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles in Pancreatic Cancer Models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Fareed Kadhim Hamza,
  • Mohanad Jawad Kadhim,
  • Mais Emad. Ahmed

摘要

Background

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies due to limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, highlighting the need for novel and biocompatible therapeutic strategies.

Purpose

Bacteriocins, natural bioactive peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria, have recently attracted attention due to their potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties; however, their clinical application is limited by instability and poor bioavailability.

Methods

Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (BC-CSNPs) using the ionic gelation method to improve stability and biological activity. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, AFM, FTIR, and XRD analyses.

Results

The physicochemical characterization revealed successful bacteriocin incorporation into the chitosan matrix, with an increase in particle size from approximately 59 nm for chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) to 98 nm for BC-CSNPs, accompanied by increased surface roughness and reduced crystallinity indicating peptide–polymer interaction. The biological activity of the developed nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity compared with free bacteriocin and CSNPs alone, suggesting improved peptide stability and delivery efficiency. Furthermore, cytotoxic evaluation against Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells showed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability following BC-CSNPs treatment, with stronger anticancer activity compared with CSNPs alone. The enhanced cytotoxic effect was attributed to the combined activity of bacteriocin and the chitosan nanoparticle delivery system, which may improve cellular interaction and bioavailability.

Conclusion

Overall, the findings demonstrate that bacteriocin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles represent a promising multifunctional nano-delivery platform with potential applications in pancreatic cancer therapy. This study provides new insight into the use of lactic acid bacteria-derived bacteriocins beyond antimicrobial applications toward cancer-targeted nanotherapeutic approaches.