Background <p>Infectious respiratory diseases remain a major constraint to livestock productivity and animal health worldwide. Conventional veterinary vaccines often show limited efficacy against pathogens with complex antigenic profiles, immune evasion strategies, or high genetic variability, highlighting the need for innovative antigen discovery and vaccine design platforms.</p> Objective <p>This review aims to critically evaluate the application of bacteriophage display technology in the identification of immunogenic epitopes and the development of next-generation vaccines targeting major pulmonary pathogens of animals.</p> Methods <p> A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted focusing on phage display–based epitope discovery and vaccine development against key veterinary respiratory pathogens, including <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, avian influenza virus, <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Studies employing filamentous and lytic phage systems for antigen screening, epitope mapping, and immunogenic evaluation were systematically reviewed.</p> Results <p>Phage display platforms enable rapid and high-throughput identification of linear and conformational epitopes that are often inaccessible through conventional antigen selection approaches. Multiple studies demonstrate that phage-displayed antigens elicit robust humoral and cellular immune responses due to their multivalent and repetitive presentation. Additionally, phage-based systems offer advantages such as genetic flexibility, scalability, thermal stability, and adaptability to antigenic variation, making them particularly suitable for veterinary vaccine development.</p> Conclusion <p>Bacteriophage display represents a versatile and effective tool for antigen discovery and vaccine design against economically important animal respiratory diseases. Its capacity to generate targeted, immunologically relevant vaccine candidates supports its role as a complementary platform to traditional vaccine strategies, particularly in addressing pathogen diversity and evolving disease challenges in livestock populations.</p> <p>Infectious respiratory diseases pose a major challenge to animal health and livestock production, resulting in considerable economic losses worldwide. Although vaccines are widely used to control veterinary pathogens, their effectiveness is often limited for organisms with complex antigenic structures, immune evasion mechanisms, or long-term persistence in the host. These limitations highlight the need for alternative strategies in vaccine development. Bacteriophage display has emerged as a useful and flexible platform for antigen discovery and vaccine design. It allows the identification of immunologically relevant epitopes and their presentation in a repetitive format that can enhance immune recognition. This review summarizes recent progress in the use of phage display for the development of vaccines targeting important pulmonary pathogens of animals, including <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>, avian influenza virus (AIV), <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Overall, the available evidence shows that phage display can support the rapid identification of novel antigens, including conformational epitopes that are difficult to obtain using conventional approaches. With its adaptability and scalability, phage display represents a promising complementary tool for the development of improved veterinary vaccines against respiratory infectious diseases.</p>