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Background: <p>White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a major viral pathogen in shrimp aquaculture, causing high mortality and economic losses, particularly under stressful farming conditions. With no effective antiviral therapies available, requirement for alternative strategies are of great concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as promising candidates due to their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Most studies in aquaculture are prophylactic approaches, and their therapeutic potential post-infection remains largely unexplored.</p> Method: <p>This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of a recombinant Type-I crustin isoform (r<i>So</i>-Crustin) from <i>Scylla olivacea</i> against WSSV in <i>Penaeus monodon</i>. Uniquely, r<i>So</i>-Crustin was administered orally through feed after the manifestation of the disease symptoms post WSSV challenge. The relative expression of immune-related genes and the viral <i>vp28</i> gene, was analyzed at different time points along with post challenge survival.</p> Results: <p>Shrimp treated with r<i>So</i>-Crustin demonstrated a 44% survival rate, against cent per cent mortality in the untreated group. Treatment significantly upregulated the immune-related genes, including lectin, haemocyanin, Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme (PPAE), Anti lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), crustin, penaeidin, and survivin, with peak expression observed on post-treatment day 8. Moreover, the WSSV <i>vp28</i> gene transcripts were notably low in the treated group.</p> Conclusion: <p>These findings demonstrate the potential of r<i>So</i>-Crustin as a post-infection therapeutic agent, offering a promising intervention strategy against WSSV outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture. Immuno-stimulation exhibited in terms of enhanced gene expression, lower <i>vp28</i> transcripts and higher post challenge survival, further underscore its value and expand the scope of AMP-based therapeutics beyond prophylaxis.</p>

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Antimicrobial Peptide So-Crustin as a Therapeutic Agent against WSSV Infection in Penaeus monodon Culture System, Conferring Better Protection and Survival

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • S. Neelima,
  • Anjali S. Mohan,
  • Dhanya Kesavan,
  • A. Muneer,
  • Rosamma Philip

摘要

Background:

White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) is a major viral pathogen in shrimp aquaculture, causing high mortality and economic losses, particularly under stressful farming conditions. With no effective antiviral therapies available, requirement for alternative strategies are of great concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as promising candidates due to their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Most studies in aquaculture are prophylactic approaches, and their therapeutic potential post-infection remains largely unexplored.

Method:

This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of a recombinant Type-I crustin isoform (rSo-Crustin) from Scylla olivacea against WSSV in Penaeus monodon. Uniquely, rSo-Crustin was administered orally through feed after the manifestation of the disease symptoms post WSSV challenge. The relative expression of immune-related genes and the viral vp28 gene, was analyzed at different time points along with post challenge survival.

Results:

Shrimp treated with rSo-Crustin demonstrated a 44% survival rate, against cent per cent mortality in the untreated group. Treatment significantly upregulated the immune-related genes, including lectin, haemocyanin, Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme (PPAE), Anti lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), crustin, penaeidin, and survivin, with peak expression observed on post-treatment day 8. Moreover, the WSSV vp28 gene transcripts were notably low in the treated group.

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate the potential of rSo-Crustin as a post-infection therapeutic agent, offering a promising intervention strategy against WSSV outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture. Immuno-stimulation exhibited in terms of enhanced gene expression, lower vp28 transcripts and higher post challenge survival, further underscore its value and expand the scope of AMP-based therapeutics beyond prophylaxis.