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Background <p>Resistance of microbial strains to conventional antibiotics has led to a continuous search for efficient alternatives such as functional peptides.</p> Objectives <p>The aim of our study was to carry out chromatographic profiling, functional and antimicrobial properties of globulin and albumin hydrolysates isolated from <i>Citrullus lanatus </i>seeds.</p> Methods <p>In this study, peptides were isolated from <i>Citrullus lanatus</i> seeds using the Osborne fractionation approach, evaluation of functional properties of the peptides hydrolysates and antimicrobial evaluation were assessed using the Agar well diffusion method. While AOAC method was employed for proximate analysis.</p> Results <p>This study revealed high protein content (55.65 ± 1.67%) of <i>C. lanatus</i> seeds. The peptides showed significant digestibility (84.78 ± 2.11; &amp; 80.21 ± 2.03%), emulsion activity (28.94 ± 1.04 &amp; 32.61 ± 0.65 m<sup>2</sup>g) and stability index (61.50 ± 1.11 &amp; 70.20 ± 0.99&#xa0;min), water (4.40 ± 0.85 &amp; 4.00 ± 0.56&#xa0;g/100) and oil-holding capacity (1.20 ± 0.07 &amp; 1.60 ± 0.00&#xa0;mg%), and gelation temperature (4.30 ± 0.01 &amp; 4.50 ± 0.02&#xa0;°C). The percentage foaming stability and capacity was 27.27; 19.14 and 26.83; 20.30% after 20&#xa0;min of incubation for both albumin and globulin, respectively. Gas chromatography-electron coupling detector (GC-ECD) amino acid analysis revealed majorly the presence of essential, lysine (19.21 &amp; 4.19&#xa0;mg/L) and non-essential alanine (17.06&#xa0;mg/L &amp; proline (23.74&#xa0;mg/L) were found only on albumin. Both peptides exhibited antimicrobial potency against the Gram-negative <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and Gram-positive <i>S. aureus</i> &amp; <i>B. subtilis</i> at a peptide hydrolysate concentration of 62.5&#xa0;µg/mL. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> exhibited the highest sensitivity to albumin with an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 27.00 ± 1.00&#xa0;mm at a concentration of 500&#xa0;µg/mL while <i>S. aureus</i> had IZD of 27.33 ± 1.45&#xa0;mm with globulin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of globulins to <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>B. subtilis</i> were 31.25, 62.5, and 62.5&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings showed that <i>C. lanatus</i> seeds represent a rich and robust source of protein for biopharmaceutical, food preservation, and agro-biotechnology applications.</p>

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Chromatographic Profiling, Functional and Antimicrobial Properties of Globulin and Albumin Hydrolysates from Citrullus lanatus Seeds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Ezinwanne N. Ezeibe,
  • Chinenye N. Ugwu,
  • Ozoemena E. Eje,
  • Chinekwu S. Nwagwu,
  • Oluebube P. Esogibe,
  • Anthony A. Attama

摘要

Background

Resistance of microbial strains to conventional antibiotics has led to a continuous search for efficient alternatives such as functional peptides.

Objectives

The aim of our study was to carry out chromatographic profiling, functional and antimicrobial properties of globulin and albumin hydrolysates isolated from Citrullus lanatus seeds.

Methods

In this study, peptides were isolated from Citrullus lanatus seeds using the Osborne fractionation approach, evaluation of functional properties of the peptides hydrolysates and antimicrobial evaluation were assessed using the Agar well diffusion method. While AOAC method was employed for proximate analysis.

Results

This study revealed high protein content (55.65 ± 1.67%) of C. lanatus seeds. The peptides showed significant digestibility (84.78 ± 2.11; & 80.21 ± 2.03%), emulsion activity (28.94 ± 1.04 & 32.61 ± 0.65 m2g) and stability index (61.50 ± 1.11 & 70.20 ± 0.99 min), water (4.40 ± 0.85 & 4.00 ± 0.56 g/100) and oil-holding capacity (1.20 ± 0.07 & 1.60 ± 0.00 mg%), and gelation temperature (4.30 ± 0.01 & 4.50 ± 0.02 °C). The percentage foaming stability and capacity was 27.27; 19.14 and 26.83; 20.30% after 20 min of incubation for both albumin and globulin, respectively. Gas chromatography-electron coupling detector (GC-ECD) amino acid analysis revealed majorly the presence of essential, lysine (19.21 & 4.19 mg/L) and non-essential alanine (17.06 mg/L & proline (23.74 mg/L) were found only on albumin. Both peptides exhibited antimicrobial potency against the Gram-negative P. aeruginosa and Gram-positive S. aureus & B. subtilis at a peptide hydrolysate concentration of 62.5 µg/mL. P. aeruginosa exhibited the highest sensitivity to albumin with an inhibition zone diameter (IZD) of 27.00 ± 1.00 mm at a concentration of 500 µg/mL while S. aureus had IZD of 27.33 ± 1.45 mm with globulin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of globulins to S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis were 31.25, 62.5, and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings showed that C. lanatus seeds represent a rich and robust source of protein for biopharmaceutical, food preservation, and agro-biotechnology applications.