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Context <p>Maximizing the supply of water-related ecosystem services (WESs) in a river basin is particularly important for human welfare and well-being. Nevertheless, how to optimize WESs by land management is unclear.</p> Objectives <p>This study aimed to (1) reveal the driving mechanisms of WESs in the Ussuri River Basin (URB) and (2) optimize WESs through the analysis of four land use scenarios for supporting land management practices.</p> Method <p>The URB, an important water conservation area for local forests and wetlands in Northeast China, was chosen as a case study area. A land scenario-based approach was employed to analyze the effects of different land use changes on WESs, including cropland expansion, afforestation, and forestland buffer zones.</p> Results <p>From 2000 to 2018, cropland expansion-dominant land use change was accompanied by significant increases in nitrogen export (+ 11.55%), phosphorous export (+ 12.50%), food production (+ 127.27%), and water yield services (+ 1.41%) in the URB. WESs trade-offs were observed primarily within provisioning services (e.g., between water yield and food production) and regulating services (e.g., between water purification and soil retention). The “Grain for Green” scenario exacerbated WESs trade-offs and created competitive relationships among WESs, indicating that afforestation may not be optimal for maximizing the supply of WESs. In contrast, the forestland buffer zone scenario enhanced WESs while reducing WESs trade-offs, assisting in maintaining ecological benefits and fundamental grain outputs.</p> Conclusions <p>This study highlights that the forestland buffer emerged as the optimal land practice to achieve a balance between ecological benefits and agricultural productivity. These findings provide valuable insights for landscape regulation and basin ecological management.</p>

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Water-related ecosystem service response to alternative land management strategies: a re-examination on the impact of afforestation activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Peng Zhang,
  • Qiyao Zhang,
  • Jinye Guo,
  • Jiaqi Yu,
  • Xianglong Xing,
  • Yuqi Tang,
  • Hengqi Yan,
  • Zhongbo Zhao,
  • Lin Yuan,
  • Chunjing Li,
  • Ri Jin,
  • Weihong Zhu,
  • Jingzhi Wang

摘要

Context

Maximizing the supply of water-related ecosystem services (WESs) in a river basin is particularly important for human welfare and well-being. Nevertheless, how to optimize WESs by land management is unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to (1) reveal the driving mechanisms of WESs in the Ussuri River Basin (URB) and (2) optimize WESs through the analysis of four land use scenarios for supporting land management practices.

Method

The URB, an important water conservation area for local forests and wetlands in Northeast China, was chosen as a case study area. A land scenario-based approach was employed to analyze the effects of different land use changes on WESs, including cropland expansion, afforestation, and forestland buffer zones.

Results

From 2000 to 2018, cropland expansion-dominant land use change was accompanied by significant increases in nitrogen export (+ 11.55%), phosphorous export (+ 12.50%), food production (+ 127.27%), and water yield services (+ 1.41%) in the URB. WESs trade-offs were observed primarily within provisioning services (e.g., between water yield and food production) and regulating services (e.g., between water purification and soil retention). The “Grain for Green” scenario exacerbated WESs trade-offs and created competitive relationships among WESs, indicating that afforestation may not be optimal for maximizing the supply of WESs. In contrast, the forestland buffer zone scenario enhanced WESs while reducing WESs trade-offs, assisting in maintaining ecological benefits and fundamental grain outputs.

Conclusions

This study highlights that the forestland buffer emerged as the optimal land practice to achieve a balance between ecological benefits and agricultural productivity. These findings provide valuable insights for landscape regulation and basin ecological management.