Context <p>New satellite-based Remote Sensing (RS) data products provide near-real time vegetation monitoring capacities and potentially offer valuable insights to land managers. Since RS data products are rapidly evolving, it is important to understand what each product measures or estimates. Misinterpretations of the data products can lead to ineffective management decisions. In ecosystems with dynamic vegetation cover such as rangelands, grasslands, and savannas, it is particularly important to understand the key differences between estimates of standing biomass and Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP).</p> Objectives <p>We have three main objectives for this perspective paper: (1) clarify how ANPP and standing biomass differ, (2) examine how management can affect differences between ANPP and standing biomass in a systematic way; and (3) discuss why these differences matter in the context of using newly available RS data products for making decisions and monitoring outcomes.</p> Methods <p>In this paper we clearly define important terminology used in ANPP and standing biomass RS data products and provide illustrative examples, equations, and simulated data to clarify the relationship between ANPP and standing biomass.</p> Conclusions <p>The most important difference is that ANPP is a rate (biomass produced per unit of time) while standing biomass is a stock (the mass of vegetation present at a specific time). While RS data products provide accessible information about both metrics, it is critical to understand their distinct implications for land management. Equipped with a clear understanding of these key ecological concepts, users will be better informed to choose appropriate RS data products for specific management applications.</p>