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Context <p>The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a key ecological barrier in China. The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and Grain for Green Program (GGP) are ecological restoration programs implemented in response to the deterioration of China’s ecological environment. It is essential to understand how the NFPP and GGP protect forest resources to appreciate how they support the restoration of the forest ecosystem in the YRB.</p> Objectives <p>Evaluating the effects of the two ecological programs on forest resources provides a solid scientific basis for maintaining the forest ecosystem’s stability in the YRB.</p> Methods <p>Based on the 30&#xa0;m resolution land cover products in 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study analyzed the dynamic changes of landscape patterns in the YRB from 2000 to 2020 through GuidosToolbox spatial analysis software.</p> Results <p>In the past 20&#xa0;years, the area of cropland in the YRB decreased by 4.13%, while the area of forest and grassland increased by 1.34% and 0.56%, respectively. The core area, which is important for maintaining the stability of the forest ecosystem, increased by 0.55%. The area with low fragmentation increased by 0.91%. In the natural forest, the core area increased by 1.20%. In the range of the GGP, 28.20% of cropland area was transferred out, of which over&#xa0; 80% was converted to forest and grassland.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings demonstrated an improvement in forest area and quality of the YRB between 2000 and 2020. The NFPP and GGP have greatly aided in the restoration of the forest ecosystem, which will support the ecosystem’s high-quality development in the YRB.</p>

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Ecological programs changed the forest landscape pattern in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Zhiwen Yuan,
  • Yong Pang,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Shili Meng,
  • Xiangnan Sun,
  • Denuo Gu

摘要

Context

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a key ecological barrier in China. The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and Grain for Green Program (GGP) are ecological restoration programs implemented in response to the deterioration of China’s ecological environment. It is essential to understand how the NFPP and GGP protect forest resources to appreciate how they support the restoration of the forest ecosystem in the YRB.

Objectives

Evaluating the effects of the two ecological programs on forest resources provides a solid scientific basis for maintaining the forest ecosystem’s stability in the YRB.

Methods

Based on the 30 m resolution land cover products in 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study analyzed the dynamic changes of landscape patterns in the YRB from 2000 to 2020 through GuidosToolbox spatial analysis software.

Results

In the past 20 years, the area of cropland in the YRB decreased by 4.13%, while the area of forest and grassland increased by 1.34% and 0.56%, respectively. The core area, which is important for maintaining the stability of the forest ecosystem, increased by 0.55%. The area with low fragmentation increased by 0.91%. In the natural forest, the core area increased by 1.20%. In the range of the GGP, 28.20% of cropland area was transferred out, of which over  80% was converted to forest and grassland.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrated an improvement in forest area and quality of the YRB between 2000 and 2020. The NFPP and GGP have greatly aided in the restoration of the forest ecosystem, which will support the ecosystem’s high-quality development in the YRB.