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Context <p>The recent expansion of commercial agriculture in the Miombo woodlands of central Africa has led to widespread levelling of termite mounds. These mounds contain significantly lower soil organic carbon (SOC) than surrounding soils, and their levelling could largely reduce SOC content in the plough layer, which remains understudied.</p> Objectives <p>We aim to investigate the effects of mound levelling on SOC of the plough layer in a 1.5 km<sup>2</sup> plot used for commercial farming and quantify the contribution of pre-existing termite mounds to SOC variation in the levelled cropland.</p> Methods <p>Before and after levelling, we conducted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys with structure-from-motion (SfM) technique, and paired soil sampling (0−25&#xa0;cm) in between-mound areas.</p> Results <p>Termite mounds were regularly distributed but morphologically heterogeneous in the plot, with volumes ranging from 7.2 m<sup>3</sup> to 820.9 m<sup>3</sup>. Large termite mounds clustered in areas with higher topographic wetness index (TWI). Three years after levelling, SOC content in the plough layer of the plot overall reduced by 26% but variability increased by 29%. In the levelled plot, mound morphology, soil texture, and TWI explained over 40% of SOC variation, with mound morphology (characterized by hypsometrical integral, HI) being most influential. Older, larger mounds (with lower HI) were associated with lower SOC after levelling.</p> Conclusions <p>The immediate and significant reduction of SOC content in the plough layer due to termite mound levelling in commercial farming may affect productivity. Further research is needed to assess its long-term agricultural and ecological impacts at larger scales.</p>

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From smallholder to commercial farming: the impact of termite mound levelling and spatial heterogeneity in mound morphology on soil organic carbon in Miombo woodlands, Central Africa

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月12日

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  • Xiaojing Ou,
  • Guy David Sebagenzi,
  • Basile Bazirake Mujinya,
  • Pascal Boeckx,
  • Sebastian Döetterl,
  • Johan Six,
  • Pu Shi,
  • Kristof Van Oost

摘要

Context

The recent expansion of commercial agriculture in the Miombo woodlands of central Africa has led to widespread levelling of termite mounds. These mounds contain significantly lower soil organic carbon (SOC) than surrounding soils, and their levelling could largely reduce SOC content in the plough layer, which remains understudied.

Objectives

We aim to investigate the effects of mound levelling on SOC of the plough layer in a 1.5 km2 plot used for commercial farming and quantify the contribution of pre-existing termite mounds to SOC variation in the levelled cropland.

Methods

Before and after levelling, we conducted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys with structure-from-motion (SfM) technique, and paired soil sampling (0−25 cm) in between-mound areas.

Results

Termite mounds were regularly distributed but morphologically heterogeneous in the plot, with volumes ranging from 7.2 m3 to 820.9 m3. Large termite mounds clustered in areas with higher topographic wetness index (TWI). Three years after levelling, SOC content in the plough layer of the plot overall reduced by 26% but variability increased by 29%. In the levelled plot, mound morphology, soil texture, and TWI explained over 40% of SOC variation, with mound morphology (characterized by hypsometrical integral, HI) being most influential. Older, larger mounds (with lower HI) were associated with lower SOC after levelling.

Conclusions

The immediate and significant reduction of SOC content in the plough layer due to termite mound levelling in commercial farming may affect productivity. Further research is needed to assess its long-term agricultural and ecological impacts at larger scales.