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<p>2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) is widely used in fine chemical synthesis due to its high efficiency, but recent accidents indicate that its hazard properties remain inadequately understood. A systematic hazard assessment was conducted, encompassing multiple standardized tests, including the UN gap test, Koenen test, and time/pressure test, as well as evaluations of impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and detonator sensitivity. Violent explosions were observed under confined conditions, with sensitivity levels comparable to highly sensitive explosives. According to GHS Rev.10, IBX should be considered within the scope of Class 1 explosive (H210), whereas its current SDS significantly underrepresents the associated risks. Mechanistic and case analyses indicate that even minor external stimuli, such as impact or electrostatic discharge, can initiate detonation, with the presence of Oxone further increasing this risk. Both the resulting explosions and the highly irritating decomposition products pose substantial lethality hazards. These findings underscore the need for updated hazard classification and enhanced intrinsic safety measures throughout IBX production and handling.</p>

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Investigation of the hazard characteristics of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid and its causative behavior in explosion accidents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Zhiyong Ma,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Jianxin Zhang,
  • Meifang Lü,
  • Gang Liu,
  • Jun Cao,
  • Liu Tan,
  • Xingliang Wu,
  • Sen Xu

摘要

2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) is widely used in fine chemical synthesis due to its high efficiency, but recent accidents indicate that its hazard properties remain inadequately understood. A systematic hazard assessment was conducted, encompassing multiple standardized tests, including the UN gap test, Koenen test, and time/pressure test, as well as evaluations of impact, friction, electrostatic discharge, and detonator sensitivity. Violent explosions were observed under confined conditions, with sensitivity levels comparable to highly sensitive explosives. According to GHS Rev.10, IBX should be considered within the scope of Class 1 explosive (H210), whereas its current SDS significantly underrepresents the associated risks. Mechanistic and case analyses indicate that even minor external stimuli, such as impact or electrostatic discharge, can initiate detonation, with the presence of Oxone further increasing this risk. Both the resulting explosions and the highly irritating decomposition products pose substantial lethality hazards. These findings underscore the need for updated hazard classification and enhanced intrinsic safety measures throughout IBX production and handling.