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<p>The widespread adoption of carbon dioxide(CO<sub>2</sub>) heat pump systems is still hindered by their inherently high operating pressures and limited thermodynamic efficiency under transcritical conditions. Existing enhancement strategies typically focus either on refrigerant modification or on cycle optimization, while the combined potential of binary mixtures and vapor-injection technology has not been fully explored. This study develops a comprehensive thermodynamic model to investigate four CO<sub>2</sub>-based mixtures—CO<sub>2</sub>/R32, CO<sub>2</sub>/R161, CO<sub>2</sub>/R1270, and CO<sub>2</sub>/R41—operating under a vapor-injection heat-pump configuration. The findings reveal a strong synergistic effect between mixture thermophysical properties and the vapor-injection process. Under an evaporating temperature of 7&#xa0;°C and a 15/55&#xa0;°C heating condition, CO₂/R161 increases the coefficient of performance for heating (<i>COP</i><sub>h</sub>) by 19.87% while lowering the discharge pressure to 3.53&#xa0;MPa, thereby substantially reducing the mechanical load on the compressor and improving cycle reliability.The results highlight that mixture-based vapor-injection cycles provide a promising approach for enhancing the performance and of CO<sub>2</sub> heat pump systems, offering useful insights for advancing their practical application and broader engineering deployment.</p>

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Optimizing synergistic performance of binary mixtures and vapor injection in CO2 heat pump: comparative analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Beiran Hou,
  • Minxia Li,
  • Ce Zhang,
  • Zijing Qin,
  • Guiyang Dong,
  • Chaobin Dang

摘要

The widespread adoption of carbon dioxide(CO2) heat pump systems is still hindered by their inherently high operating pressures and limited thermodynamic efficiency under transcritical conditions. Existing enhancement strategies typically focus either on refrigerant modification or on cycle optimization, while the combined potential of binary mixtures and vapor-injection technology has not been fully explored. This study develops a comprehensive thermodynamic model to investigate four CO2-based mixtures—CO2/R32, CO2/R161, CO2/R1270, and CO2/R41—operating under a vapor-injection heat-pump configuration. The findings reveal a strong synergistic effect between mixture thermophysical properties and the vapor-injection process. Under an evaporating temperature of 7 °C and a 15/55 °C heating condition, CO₂/R161 increases the coefficient of performance for heating (COPh) by 19.87% while lowering the discharge pressure to 3.53 MPa, thereby substantially reducing the mechanical load on the compressor and improving cycle reliability.The results highlight that mixture-based vapor-injection cycles provide a promising approach for enhancing the performance and of CO2 heat pump systems, offering useful insights for advancing their practical application and broader engineering deployment.