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<p>This study investigates the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamics, bioconvection, and electromagnetic actuation on the flow and transport characteristics of a Ree–Eyring nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretching surface equipped with a Riga plate. The analysis incorporates Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium resistance, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and convective boundary conditions. The electromagnetic force generated by the Riga plate introduces an exponentially decaying body force that significantly modifies the near-wall flow structure and transport behavior. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations describing momentum, energy, nanoparticle concentration, and microorganism density are transformed into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically with the MATLAB BVP4C solver. The present work distinguishes itself by examining the simultaneous interaction of Ree–Eyring rheology, Riga plate forcing, bioconvection, porous medium effects, and nanoparticle transport within a single framework. The results indicate that increasing the magnetic and Weissenberg parameters suppresses fluid motion due to enhanced resistive forces, whereas larger Eckert and heat generation parameters elevate the fluid temperature and thicken the thermal boundary layer. Brownian motion and thermophoresis promote thermal transport and modify nanoparticle distribution, while higher bioconvective Lewis and Peclet numbers reduce microorganism concentration near the surface. The findings provide a deeper understanding of coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in non-Newtonian bio-nanofluids and offer useful guidance for the design of advanced thermal systems, microfluidic devices, and bio-inspired transport technologies.</p>

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Bioconvective Ree–Eyring nanofluid flow over a riga plate with Darcy–Forchheimer and thermophoretic effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Alfunsa Prathiba Perli,
  • Umamaheswara Rao Karumudi,
  • Srinivas Reddy Kallem,
  • Johnson Babu Perli,
  • Erwin,
  • Medhat M. Helal,
  • A. I. Ismail

摘要

This study investigates the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamics, bioconvection, and electromagnetic actuation on the flow and transport characteristics of a Ree–Eyring nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretching surface equipped with a Riga plate. The analysis incorporates Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium resistance, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and convective boundary conditions. The electromagnetic force generated by the Riga plate introduces an exponentially decaying body force that significantly modifies the near-wall flow structure and transport behavior. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations describing momentum, energy, nanoparticle concentration, and microorganism density are transformed into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved numerically with the MATLAB BVP4C solver. The present work distinguishes itself by examining the simultaneous interaction of Ree–Eyring rheology, Riga plate forcing, bioconvection, porous medium effects, and nanoparticle transport within a single framework. The results indicate that increasing the magnetic and Weissenberg parameters suppresses fluid motion due to enhanced resistive forces, whereas larger Eckert and heat generation parameters elevate the fluid temperature and thicken the thermal boundary layer. Brownian motion and thermophoresis promote thermal transport and modify nanoparticle distribution, while higher bioconvective Lewis and Peclet numbers reduce microorganism concentration near the surface. The findings provide a deeper understanding of coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in non-Newtonian bio-nanofluids and offer useful guidance for the design of advanced thermal systems, microfluidic devices, and bio-inspired transport technologies.