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<p>A basic challenge in the development of advanced thermal management systems is to optimize heat-transfer performance with minimum thermodynamic irreversibilities. The present study aims to examine the entropy generation in a steady two-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic dusty Cu-Ag/water hybrid nanofluid flow through a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium over a stretching surface. The mathematical model takes into account the combined effects of thermal radiation, magnetic field, porous-medium resistance, and fluid-particle interactions. Similarity transformations are used to reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations to coupled system of ordinary differential equations which is solved numerically with the help of BVP4c solver of MATLAB. The effects of radiation parameter, magnetic parameter, particle concentration parameter, interaction parameter, and Forchheimer parameter on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and entropy generation are studied systematically. The results show that the interaction between dusty phase and hybrid nanoparticles drastically changes momentum and thermal boundary layers while magnetic and porous-medium effects provide an effective control of transport characteristics and thermodynamic irreversibility. These results are useful for the design and optimization of porous heat-transfer devices, thermal management systems, and energy-efficient engineering applications related to hybrid nanofluids.</p>

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Entropy generation and radiative heat transfer in Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a dusty-hybrid nanofluid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • S. P. Shivakumar,
  • Gunisetty Ramasekhar,
  • T. V. Smitha,
  • Sujesh Areekara,
  • S. Devanathan,
  • K. V. Nagaraja,
  • Maddina Dinesh Kumar,
  • Nehad Ali Shah

摘要

A basic challenge in the development of advanced thermal management systems is to optimize heat-transfer performance with minimum thermodynamic irreversibilities. The present study aims to examine the entropy generation in a steady two-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic dusty Cu-Ag/water hybrid nanofluid flow through a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium over a stretching surface. The mathematical model takes into account the combined effects of thermal radiation, magnetic field, porous-medium resistance, and fluid-particle interactions. Similarity transformations are used to reduce the governing nonlinear partial differential equations to coupled system of ordinary differential equations which is solved numerically with the help of BVP4c solver of MATLAB. The effects of radiation parameter, magnetic parameter, particle concentration parameter, interaction parameter, and Forchheimer parameter on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and entropy generation are studied systematically. The results show that the interaction between dusty phase and hybrid nanoparticles drastically changes momentum and thermal boundary layers while magnetic and porous-medium effects provide an effective control of transport characteristics and thermodynamic irreversibility. These results are useful for the design and optimization of porous heat-transfer devices, thermal management systems, and energy-efficient engineering applications related to hybrid nanofluids.