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<p>The performance of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) is critically impaired by high operating temperatures, which can diminish power output. The main objective of this study is to explore a novel cooling strategy for PV/T using multi-pass flow configurations (i.e., one, two, and three passes) and assess various performance characteristics, including electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, power output, outlet temperature, and PV surface temperature, under varying numbers of water flow passes. The results indicate that the three-pass flow configuration enables the system to achieve the highest thermal and electrical efficiency of 49% and 19.5%, respectively, recorded at noon. Under these conditions, the PV/T surface temperature is maintained at 34&#xa0;℃, compared to 51&#xa0;℃ in the absence of cooling. The three-pass flow configuration improved system performance, increasing power output by 31.8% and thermal efficiency by 14%. A reduction of 17&#xa0;K in the surface temperature is achieved with a three-pass shape compared to conventional PV due to the enhanced convective heat transfer associated with the multi-pass flow design. Comprehensive analyses of surface temperature distributions, water velocity, and temperature fields provide critical understandings of mechanisms by which the cooling strategy augments heat transfer and effectiveness. These findings highlight the significant importance of new methods to improve the efficiency and sustainability of PV/T panels, thereby contributing to advancements in renewable energy technologies.</p>

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Thermal management of photovoltaic thermal systems via multi-passes flow configurations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • S. A. Marzouk,
  • Heba Alzaben,
  • Ahmad Aljabr,
  • Saad Alshammari

摘要

The performance of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) is critically impaired by high operating temperatures, which can diminish power output. The main objective of this study is to explore a novel cooling strategy for PV/T using multi-pass flow configurations (i.e., one, two, and three passes) and assess various performance characteristics, including electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, power output, outlet temperature, and PV surface temperature, under varying numbers of water flow passes. The results indicate that the three-pass flow configuration enables the system to achieve the highest thermal and electrical efficiency of 49% and 19.5%, respectively, recorded at noon. Under these conditions, the PV/T surface temperature is maintained at 34 ℃, compared to 51 ℃ in the absence of cooling. The three-pass flow configuration improved system performance, increasing power output by 31.8% and thermal efficiency by 14%. A reduction of 17 K in the surface temperature is achieved with a three-pass shape compared to conventional PV due to the enhanced convective heat transfer associated with the multi-pass flow design. Comprehensive analyses of surface temperature distributions, water velocity, and temperature fields provide critical understandings of mechanisms by which the cooling strategy augments heat transfer and effectiveness. These findings highlight the significant importance of new methods to improve the efficiency and sustainability of PV/T panels, thereby contributing to advancements in renewable energy technologies.