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<p>The integration of nanofluids with porous media has become essential in modern engineering processes because of their ability to meet the ultra-high cooling demands of advanced industrial systems. Their exceptional thermal conductivity also makes nanofluids highly valuable in nanotechnology, electronic device fabrication, and biomedical applications. Motivated by these advantages, the present study investigates the heat and mass transfer behavior of a micropolar nanofluid flowing over a nonlinearly stretching/shrinking slanted surface. Appropriate similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing system of micropolar nanofluid equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. The analysis reveals a three-solution structure, prompting a stability assessment to determine the physically realizable branch. The results indicate that only the first solution branch is stable and physically meaningful. The findings further show that the microrotation boundary layer thickness increases across all three-solution regimes as the material parameter increases. In addition, an increase in the Grashof number significantly accelerates the fluid velocity. The concentration profile rises with increasing thermophoresis parameter, whereas it diminishes with increasing Brownian motion.</p>

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Triple solution structure and stability of micropolar nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Khuram Rafique,
  • Tatheer Fatima,
  • Ilyas Khan,
  • Abdoalrahman S. A. Omer,
  • Ghaliah Alhamzi,
  • N. F. M. Noor

摘要

The integration of nanofluids with porous media has become essential in modern engineering processes because of their ability to meet the ultra-high cooling demands of advanced industrial systems. Their exceptional thermal conductivity also makes nanofluids highly valuable in nanotechnology, electronic device fabrication, and biomedical applications. Motivated by these advantages, the present study investigates the heat and mass transfer behavior of a micropolar nanofluid flowing over a nonlinearly stretching/shrinking slanted surface. Appropriate similarity transformations are employed to reduce the governing system of micropolar nanofluid equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c solver. The analysis reveals a three-solution structure, prompting a stability assessment to determine the physically realizable branch. The results indicate that only the first solution branch is stable and physically meaningful. The findings further show that the microrotation boundary layer thickness increases across all three-solution regimes as the material parameter increases. In addition, an increase in the Grashof number significantly accelerates the fluid velocity. The concentration profile rises with increasing thermophoresis parameter, whereas it diminishes with increasing Brownian motion.