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<p>Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) micropolar nanofluids containing motile microorganisms have gained considerable importance due to their applications in biomedical devices, microbial fuel cells, and microscale fluidic technologies. However, the combined effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and variable thermal conductivity, together with slip conditions and zero mass flux, have not been comprehensively investigated in the context of EMHD bioconvection over a stretched Riga plate. The present study aims to develop a generalized mathematical model to examine the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics of an EMHD micropolar nanofluid (MNF) with swimming microorganisms under these combined physical effects. The Buongiorno nanofluid model is employed to account for Brownian motion and thermophoresis, while velocity and thermal slip conditions are incorporated at the boundary. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations and solved numerically via the Chebyshev spectral method in Mathematica. The results reveal that Brownian motion significantly enhances the microorganism density, while increasing the electric field parameter from 0.1 to 0.5 leads to an approximate 6% rise. Increasing the thermal conductivity parameter from 0.2 to 1.0 increases the Nusselt number by about 5.97% and intensifies the temperature field; this temperature enhancement is further amplified by viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and thermophoretic effects. The velocity slip parameter increases both skin friction and wall couple stress, whereas the material parameter and modified Hartmann number improve the velocity profile. Moreover, increasing the thermal slip parameter from 0.5 to 1.5 reduces the heat transfer rate by nearly 36%. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of EMHD-based microfluidic systems and advanced bioengineering applications.</p>

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Micropolar bioconvection flow of EMHD nanofluid over a horizontal Riga plate with variable thermal conductivity, slip and mass flux conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • A. G. El-ashhab,
  • M. Abdel Wahab,
  • S. E. E. Hamza,
  • Shimaa E. Waheed

摘要

Electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) micropolar nanofluids containing motile microorganisms have gained considerable importance due to their applications in biomedical devices, microbial fuel cells, and microscale fluidic technologies. However, the combined effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and variable thermal conductivity, together with slip conditions and zero mass flux, have not been comprehensively investigated in the context of EMHD bioconvection over a stretched Riga plate. The present study aims to develop a generalized mathematical model to examine the flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics of an EMHD micropolar nanofluid (MNF) with swimming microorganisms under these combined physical effects. The Buongiorno nanofluid model is employed to account for Brownian motion and thermophoresis, while velocity and thermal slip conditions are incorporated at the boundary. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations and solved numerically via the Chebyshev spectral method in Mathematica. The results reveal that Brownian motion significantly enhances the microorganism density, while increasing the electric field parameter from 0.1 to 0.5 leads to an approximate 6% rise. Increasing the thermal conductivity parameter from 0.2 to 1.0 increases the Nusselt number by about 5.97% and intensifies the temperature field; this temperature enhancement is further amplified by viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and thermophoretic effects. The velocity slip parameter increases both skin friction and wall couple stress, whereas the material parameter and modified Hartmann number improve the velocity profile. Moreover, increasing the thermal slip parameter from 0.5 to 1.5 reduces the heat transfer rate by nearly 36%. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of EMHD-based microfluidic systems and advanced bioengineering applications.