<p>This study investigates the thermal and tribological behavior of eco-friendly, non-asbestos brake pad composites reinforced with 2 and 5 mass% carbon fibers (CF₂ and CF₅ samples), Kevlar Aramid fibers (AF sample), and sepiolite (SP sample). Friction performance was evaluated using a dynamometer test under different braking stages, including initial, thermal (fade), supplementary, and recovery conditions. In parallel, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was employed to analyze the thermal behavior of individual constituents and to identify decomposition regions associated with potential volatile release. The results indicate that fiber type, morphology, and content significantly influence the coefficient of friction (COF), wear behavior, and porosity of the composites. Kevlar fibers improved wear resistance (although other formulation variables also contribute) due to better interfacial adhesion, while carbon fibers provided higher thermal stability and more stable friction at elevated temperatures. Sepiolite fibers contributed to improved surface uniformity and friction stability due to their fine dispersion. DSC analysis revealed distinct thermal events related to the decomposition of phenolic resin and organic fillers within the temperature range of 200–600 °C. These thermal transitions are associated with potential gas release, which may contribute to friction fade by reducing the effective contact area between the pad and disk. It should be noted that gas evolution is inferred based on thermal analysis and literature correlations, rather than direct measurement. The combined analysis of dynamometer and DSC results provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between thermal reactions and tribological performance. The findings highlight the importance of optimized formulation and thermal treatment in reducing fade and improving braking stability.</p>