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<p>Nanofluids containing motile microorganisms have attracted significant attention due to their enhanced heat and mass transfer capabilities, with important applications in microfluidic systems, biomedical devices, and energy processes. However, existing studies often consider only a limited set of physical effects and lack a comprehensive framework that simultaneously accounts for non-Newtonian rheology, bioconvection, thermal radiation, and chemical reactions. The present study aims to investigate the unsteady bioconvective flow of a Carreau nanofluid over a radially stretching porous disk, incorporating nanoparticle transport and gyrotactic microorganism dynamics under the influence of thermal radiation, activation energy, and oscillatory pressure gradients. To achieve this, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and are solved numerically using MATLAB’s bvp5c solver. The results demonstrate that fluid elasticity, magnetic effects, and Joule heating significantly modify the momentum and thermal boundary layers, while activation energy reduces nanoparticle concentration through enhanced reaction rates. In addition, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and microorganism motility strongly influence concentration and bioconvective behavior. These findings provide new insights into optimizing heat and mass transfer in non-Newtonian nanofluid systems, particularly in applications such as microfluidic cooling and biomedical transport processes.</p>

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Numerical simulation of bioconvective carreau nanofluid flow over a stretching disk with thermal radiation, activation energy effects and pressure gradient

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • M. A. M. Sharaf,
  • M. M. El Shafee,
  • Mohamed Montaser,
  • Ahmed Saleh

摘要

Nanofluids containing motile microorganisms have attracted significant attention due to their enhanced heat and mass transfer capabilities, with important applications in microfluidic systems, biomedical devices, and energy processes. However, existing studies often consider only a limited set of physical effects and lack a comprehensive framework that simultaneously accounts for non-Newtonian rheology, bioconvection, thermal radiation, and chemical reactions. The present study aims to investigate the unsteady bioconvective flow of a Carreau nanofluid over a radially stretching porous disk, incorporating nanoparticle transport and gyrotactic microorganism dynamics under the influence of thermal radiation, activation energy, and oscillatory pressure gradients. To achieve this, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and are solved numerically using MATLAB’s bvp5c solver. The results demonstrate that fluid elasticity, magnetic effects, and Joule heating significantly modify the momentum and thermal boundary layers, while activation energy reduces nanoparticle concentration through enhanced reaction rates. In addition, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and microorganism motility strongly influence concentration and bioconvective behavior. These findings provide new insights into optimizing heat and mass transfer in non-Newtonian nanofluid systems, particularly in applications such as microfluidic cooling and biomedical transport processes.