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<p>Graphene oxide (GO) which is a derivative of graphene, has garnered considerable attention due to its remarkable mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. In this study, GO nanoparticles were synthesized using ball milling method with graphite powder as the precursor potassium permanganate as oxidizing agent for inducing structural modifications. The synthesized graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the structure, morphology and its functional groups. Subsequently water-based graphene oxide nanofluids of distinct concentrations (1, 3 and 5%) were prepared using ultrasonication and magnetic stirring. Their thermophysical properties are evaluated. Results revealed that there is an increase in the thermal conductivity of 35% higher than the base fluid at a concentration of 3%. Density and viscosity have increased with the increase in the concentration. The specific heat is found to decrease with the increase in the concentration of the nanofluid. This study reveals the potential of these nanofluids for heat transfer and cooling applications. Moreover, ball milling-assisted synthesis of GO nanoparticles can be a promising method for synthesis of GO nanoparticles on large scale.</p>

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Synthesis of graphene oxide via ball milling and characterization of its nanofluid properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月17日

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  • Kunapuli Siva Satya Mohan,
  • K. P. V. Krishna Varma,
  • K. Srinivasa Rao,
  • B. Kiran Kumar

摘要

Graphene oxide (GO) which is a derivative of graphene, has garnered considerable attention due to its remarkable mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. In this study, GO nanoparticles were synthesized using ball milling method with graphite powder as the precursor potassium permanganate as oxidizing agent for inducing structural modifications. The synthesized graphene oxide was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the structure, morphology and its functional groups. Subsequently water-based graphene oxide nanofluids of distinct concentrations (1, 3 and 5%) were prepared using ultrasonication and magnetic stirring. Their thermophysical properties are evaluated. Results revealed that there is an increase in the thermal conductivity of 35% higher than the base fluid at a concentration of 3%. Density and viscosity have increased with the increase in the concentration. The specific heat is found to decrease with the increase in the concentration of the nanofluid. This study reveals the potential of these nanofluids for heat transfer and cooling applications. Moreover, ball milling-assisted synthesis of GO nanoparticles can be a promising method for synthesis of GO nanoparticles on large scale.