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<p>Mineral oil is widely used in oil-immersed transformers for thermal management. Despite being widely studied, the influence of oil volume on the transformer’s hotspot temperature is less researched. This work examines how increasing oil volume, either inside the tank or externally using radiators, affects the transformer’s temperature field. In the experimental investigations, the oil volume was increased by adding external radiators to an especially tailored lab-scale transformer setup. Simultaneously, a numerical model was used to evaluate the impacts of internal oil volume increase by modifying the reservoir dimensions. Results show that external volume increase (radiator-based) reduces the hotspot temperature more effectively than internal reservoir enlargement. At 34.4% oil volume increase via adding radiators, the measured hotspot temperature dropped by 16.9&#xa0;°C. Beyond 34.4%, the improvement becomes marginal; so that an increased volume of 40% reduced the hotspot temperature by only 0.7&#xa0;°C. As the radiator was insulated to suppress heat exchange with ambient air, a 34.4% oil volume increase reduced the hotspot temperature by 7.1&#xa0;°C, indicating that the dominant contributor to temperature reduction is the increased heat transfer area, rather than the added oil volume alone. Therefore, external oil volume augmentation is more effective, mainly due to the larger heat transfer surface provided by the radiators.</p>

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Experimental and numerical investigation of oil volume influence on hotspot temperature mitigation in transformers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月12日

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  • Fateme Tavakoli Dastjerd,
  • Hamid Niazmand,
  • Saleh Behzad,
  • Ahmad Arabkoohsar

摘要

Mineral oil is widely used in oil-immersed transformers for thermal management. Despite being widely studied, the influence of oil volume on the transformer’s hotspot temperature is less researched. This work examines how increasing oil volume, either inside the tank or externally using radiators, affects the transformer’s temperature field. In the experimental investigations, the oil volume was increased by adding external radiators to an especially tailored lab-scale transformer setup. Simultaneously, a numerical model was used to evaluate the impacts of internal oil volume increase by modifying the reservoir dimensions. Results show that external volume increase (radiator-based) reduces the hotspot temperature more effectively than internal reservoir enlargement. At 34.4% oil volume increase via adding radiators, the measured hotspot temperature dropped by 16.9 °C. Beyond 34.4%, the improvement becomes marginal; so that an increased volume of 40% reduced the hotspot temperature by only 0.7 °C. As the radiator was insulated to suppress heat exchange with ambient air, a 34.4% oil volume increase reduced the hotspot temperature by 7.1 °C, indicating that the dominant contributor to temperature reduction is the increased heat transfer area, rather than the added oil volume alone. Therefore, external oil volume augmentation is more effective, mainly due to the larger heat transfer surface provided by the radiators.