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<p>This experimental study investigates the effect of two innovative heat transfer tube configurations, namely longitudinal plain and perforated inserts, on the thermal performance of a flat plate solar water heater (FPSWH) over a mass flow rate range of 0.004–0.025&#xa0;kg s<sup>−1</sup>. The perforated configuration achieved a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 437&#xa0;W m<sup>−2&#xa0;</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and a Nusselt number of 8.2, representing improvements of 68–57.7%, respectively, compared to the baseline configuration. The modified FPSWH attained peak energy and exergy efficiencies of 77.8–3.41%, corresponding to increases of 31–39.2%. The thermo-hydraulic booster factor further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed designs, with values ranging from 1.29 to 1.50 for the plain insert and 1.52–1.82 for the perforated configuration, indicating a favorable balance between heat transfer enhancement and hydraulic losses. Enhanced heat transfer reduces the required collector area, resulting in a more compact, cost-effective system. The payback period decreased from 2.8&#xa0;years for the baseline system to 2.0–1.6&#xa0;years for plain and perforated configurations, respectively. CO₂ mitigation improved from 6.6–11.3 tons to 9.17–13.9 tons and 11–15.7 tons, respectively, with enhancements of up to 66.7%.</p>

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Experimental evaluation of thermal performance in a flat plate solar water heater with longitudinal heat transfer enhancers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Elumalai Vengadesan,
  • Ramalingam Senthil

摘要

This experimental study investigates the effect of two innovative heat transfer tube configurations, namely longitudinal plain and perforated inserts, on the thermal performance of a flat plate solar water heater (FPSWH) over a mass flow rate range of 0.004–0.025 kg s−1. The perforated configuration achieved a maximum heat transfer coefficient of 437 W m−2  K−1 and a Nusselt number of 8.2, representing improvements of 68–57.7%, respectively, compared to the baseline configuration. The modified FPSWH attained peak energy and exergy efficiencies of 77.8–3.41%, corresponding to increases of 31–39.2%. The thermo-hydraulic booster factor further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed designs, with values ranging from 1.29 to 1.50 for the plain insert and 1.52–1.82 for the perforated configuration, indicating a favorable balance between heat transfer enhancement and hydraulic losses. Enhanced heat transfer reduces the required collector area, resulting in a more compact, cost-effective system. The payback period decreased from 2.8 years for the baseline system to 2.0–1.6 years for plain and perforated configurations, respectively. CO₂ mitigation improved from 6.6–11.3 tons to 9.17–13.9 tons and 11–15.7 tons, respectively, with enhancements of up to 66.7%.