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<p>Expanded graphite (EG), a derivative of graphite with a unique worm-like porous structure, has become popular owing to its exceptional thermal, electrical, and chemical properties. EG is combined with phase-change materials (PCM) to form a composite PCM with enhanced properties, and EG serves as a functional additive. This review explores the preparation of EG, along with a detailed study of its properties and characterization. Various preparation methods for EG, including thermal, chemical, and electrochemical processes, are elaborately explained with detailed analyses of the temperature, intercalating agent, and reaction time to achieve the final material property. This review further examines the role of EG in combination with PCM for energy storage systems and building applications, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using EG in these fields. The current challenges faced by the addition of EG, including optimization and large-scale production, are briefly discussed. Finally, future research directions for EG are proposed, explaining the setup of the current technology. The review concludes with the importance of EG in guiding the development of new materials for the next generation, considering the balance between the performance and cost of the material.</p>

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Toward scalable and sustainable expanded graphite-based phase change composites: a comprehensive review of materials, methods, and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • R Bharathiraja,
  • S Suresh,
  • R Seeni Thangaraj Pandian,
  • Mohamed Iqbal Shajahan,
  • Dhinakaran Veeman

摘要

Expanded graphite (EG), a derivative of graphite with a unique worm-like porous structure, has become popular owing to its exceptional thermal, electrical, and chemical properties. EG is combined with phase-change materials (PCM) to form a composite PCM with enhanced properties, and EG serves as a functional additive. This review explores the preparation of EG, along with a detailed study of its properties and characterization. Various preparation methods for EG, including thermal, chemical, and electrochemical processes, are elaborately explained with detailed analyses of the temperature, intercalating agent, and reaction time to achieve the final material property. This review further examines the role of EG in combination with PCM for energy storage systems and building applications, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using EG in these fields. The current challenges faced by the addition of EG, including optimization and large-scale production, are briefly discussed. Finally, future research directions for EG are proposed, explaining the setup of the current technology. The review concludes with the importance of EG in guiding the development of new materials for the next generation, considering the balance between the performance and cost of the material.